本文選題：塔式起重機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：視景仿真　出處：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：塔式起重機(jī)因起升高、覆蓋面廣等特點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在已被廣泛使用于建筑施工現(xiàn)場,但是,塔式起重機(jī)駕駛員的培訓(xùn)卻劃存在著很多問題,如安全性低、周期長、成本高等。而起重機(jī)的視景仿真由于具有安全性高、再現(xiàn)性好、可開發(fā)性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可以作為駕駛培訓(xùn)的一種重要工具。所以,近年來有關(guān)起重機(jī)的視景仿真系統(tǒng)的研究與開發(fā)也已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)重要發(fā)展方向。 視景仿真建模和驅(qū)動(dòng)是進(jìn)行視景仿真開發(fā)最重要的工作,研究與開發(fā)塔式起重機(jī)的視景仿真系統(tǒng),首先必須為駕駛員提供虛擬的駕駛環(huán)境,讓駕駛員有很強(qiáng)的沉浸感。本文以塔式起重機(jī)及其周邊環(huán)境為背景,以塔式起重機(jī)為研究對象,在復(fù)雜物體建模、虛擬場景設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)時(shí)性優(yōu)化和系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)等方面展開了工作,開發(fā)出一個(gè)桌面級的視景仿真系統(tǒng),成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了塔式起重機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)視景仿真。主要研究內(nèi)容如下 (1)在對視景仿真建模技術(shù)理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合塔式起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)及建筑工地的特征,選擇專業(yè)的視景仿真建模軟件Multigen Creator,給出了場景建模實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,重點(diǎn)介紹了場景建模技術(shù),并從場景結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和模型構(gòu)建優(yōu)化兩方面,提出了基于軟件Multigen Creator的三維虛擬場景建模優(yōu)化技術(shù),創(chuàng)建出塔式起重機(jī)的建筑工地及周邊環(huán)境,增強(qiáng)了虛擬環(huán)境的逼真度,提高了系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)渲染和響應(yīng)速度。 (2)通過分析塔式起重機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性,建立了塔式起重機(jī)的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,基于VC++編程平臺,成功模擬了塔式起重機(jī)的起升運(yùn)動(dòng)、回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)、變幅運(yùn)動(dòng)以及載荷的擺動(dòng)情況,并利用時(shí)滯濾波理論消除載荷擺動(dòng),模擬無載荷擺動(dòng)操作過程,增強(qiáng)了虛擬操作的真實(shí)感。最后,基于視景仿真驅(qū)動(dòng)軟件Vega的三維場景渲染技術(shù),成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的場景顯示與實(shí)時(shí)漫游、模型驅(qū)動(dòng)與實(shí)時(shí)控制、自然現(xiàn)象仿真等功能。 (3)塔式起重機(jī)及貨物在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中會與場景發(fā)生碰撞,本文采用Vega軟件自帶的碰撞檢測方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了對塔式起重機(jī)的碰撞檢測,并通過編程實(shí)現(xiàn)了碰撞檢測后的碰撞響應(yīng),限制了塔式起重機(jī)及貨物在發(fā)生碰撞方向上的運(yùn)動(dòng),解決了塔式起重機(jī)在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中吊鉤和貨物穿越地面、墻壁的失真現(xiàn)象,體現(xiàn)了用戶與虛擬場景的自然交互性。
[Abstract]:Tower crane has been widely used in construction site because of its rising and wide coverage. However, there are many problems in the training of tower crane driver, such as low safety, long period, etc. The visual simulation of crane can be used as an important tool for driving training because of its advantages of high safety, good reproducibility and exploitability. In recent years, the research and development of crane visual simulation system has become an important development direction. Visual simulation modeling and driving is the most important work of visual simulation development. In order to study and develop the visual simulation system of tower crane, it is necessary to provide a virtual driving environment for the driver. This paper takes the tower crane and its surrounding environment as the background, takes the tower crane as the research object, develops the work in the complex object modeling, the virtual scene design, the real-time optimization and the system realization, etc. A desktop level visual simulation system is developed, and the real-time visual simulation of tower crane is successfully realized. The main research contents are as follows. 1) based on the theoretical analysis of visual simulation modeling technology, combined with the structure of tower crane and the characteristics of construction site, this paper selects the professional visual simulation modeling software Multigen Creator, and gives the method of scene modeling. This paper mainly introduces the scene modeling technology, and puts forward the 3D virtual scene modeling optimization technology based on software Multigen Creator from two aspects of scene structure optimization and model construction optimization, and creates the construction site and surrounding environment of tower crane. The fidelity of the virtual environment is enhanced and the real-time rendering and response speed of the system is improved. By analyzing the movement characteristics of tower crane, the dynamic model of tower crane is established. Based on VC programming platform, the lifting motion, rotation motion, amplitude change movement and load swing of tower crane are simulated successfully. The theory of time-delay filtering is used to eliminate the load swing and simulate the operation process of no-load swing, which enhances the reality of virtual operation. Finally, the 3D scene rendering technology based on scene simulation driver software Vega is introduced. The functions of scene display and real-time roaming, model driving and real-time control, natural phenomena simulation and so on are successfully realized. The tower crane and cargo will collide with the scene in the course of movement. The collision detection method of Vega software is used to realize the collision detection of tower crane, and the collision response after collision detection is realized by programming. It limits the movement of tower crane and cargo in collision direction, solves the distortion phenomenon of hooks and goods passing through the ground during the movement of tower crane, and reflects the natural interaction between user and virtual scene.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH213.3;TP391.7

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