本文選題：切削加工　切入點：振動響應　出處：《大連理工大學》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在切削加工中,細長軸工件是難加工零件之一,工件振動、加工穩(wěn)定性、加工質量都是必須解決的關鍵問題。尤其是旋轉工件表面上移動載荷的作用,工件振動與切削力的相互影響,都加劇了切削工件的振動甚至引起顫振,制約了加工質量和生產(chǎn)效率的提高,影響加工過程順利進行。因此,研究切削加工過程中細長軸工件的振動規(guī)律,己成為實施和解決細長軸工件切削加工技術的瓶頸環(huán)節(jié),是亟需解決的關鍵技術。本文從移動載荷作用下旋轉細長軸工件振動分析的角度,針對切削加工過程中三維移動切削力作用下旋轉工件的振動問題,采用理論建模與實驗研究相結合的方法,開展了車削、外圓磨削加工過程中三維移動載荷作用下旋轉細長軸工件的振動研究。 (1)考慮了切削加工過程中移動載荷的作用,以及工件的變質量、變直徑、變剛度等時變特性因素的影響,用Rayleigh連續(xù)梁振動理論,建立了切削加工過程中三維移動載荷作用下旋轉細長軸工件振動的動力學模型和二階耦合微分方程。此外,還考慮了工件表面的再生效應的影響,建立了切削加工過程中三維移動載荷作用下旋轉工件振動的延時動力學模型和二階延時微分方程。用上述模型研究了車削、外圓磨削加工過程中旋轉細長軸工件的振動和顫振問題,并對工件振動方程進行求解和理論分析。 (2)建立了切削加工過程中三維移動載荷作用下旋轉工件振動的轉子動力學模型,將切削加工過程中細長軸工件的振動簡化為質量集中系統(tǒng)的已加工、在加工和待加工的三轉子動力學系統(tǒng),考慮了加工過程中工件質量和直徑隨時間變化,以及加工表面的再生效應對工件振動的影響。 (3)開展了切削加工過程中工件振動的穩(wěn)定性研究,考慮了工件和刀具兩者振動相互作用的影響,用工件振動方程和質量集中系統(tǒng)的刀具振動方程,建立了車削工件顫振穩(wěn)定性分析模型,求解車削用量臨界極限值,從而避免工件顫振發(fā)生。 (4)分析了切削加工過程中工件的不同夾緊方式及其邊界條件的建立,并求解工件的振動方程；用理論計算方法,分析了車削、外圓磨削加工過程中切削用量、工件直徑等參數(shù)對工件振動及其穩(wěn)定性的影響。 (5)進行了切削加工振動實驗,對移動載荷作用下工件振動的理論模型進行驗證；對加工中不同夾緊邊界下(如車削、磨削)的工件、刀具和刀架進行模態(tài)分析及其參數(shù)識別；分別開展了車削和磨削加工過程中的工件振動、加工精度和表面粗糙度的測量實驗。為了測量外圓磨削力,自主研制了外圓磨削用壓電式測力裝置,并對該裝置進行了標定、精度分析和測力實驗。 本文對細長軸工件振動的研究表明,切削加工過程中移動載荷作用、旋轉工件的質量和直徑的時變特性對工件振動都有影響,移動載荷作用下旋轉細長軸工件振動模型能夠準確地反映加工過程中工件的振動規(guī)律,為今后進一步開展切削加工過程中移動載荷作用下不同截面的細長軸工件的振動研究奠定了良好的基礎。
[Abstract]:In machining, the workpiece is difficult to machining the slender shaft of the workpiece vibration, machining stability, machining quality are the key problems to be solved. Especially the rotation of the workpiece surface moving loads, mutual influence of workpiece vibration and cutting force, have exacerbated the vibration cutting workpiece and even cause flutter constraints the processing quality and production efficiency, effect of processing smoothly. Therefore, vibration of slender shaft of the workpiece during machining process, has become the bottleneck of implementation and solve the slender parts machining technology, is the key technology to be solved. In this paper, from the analysis of moving loads of rotating shaft vibration of workpiece aiming at the vibration problems of rotating the workpiece, 3D movement of cutting force under the method of theoretical modeling and experimental study of the combination, carry out turning Study on 3D vibration, moving load of rotating shaft workpiece grinding process.
(1) effect of moving load in cutting process is considered, and parts of the variable quality, variable diameter and variable characteristics of variable stiffness etc., with Rayleigh continuous beam vibration theory, establishes the dynamic model of 3D moving loads of rotating shaft workpiece vibration and two order coupled differential equations of cutting in the process. In addition, we also consider the effect of regeneration effect on the surface of the workpiece, a delay dynamics model of rotating workpiece vibration of three-dimensional moving loads and two order delay differential equations in a machining process. Turning was studied by using the model, vibration and flutter of workpiece rotating shaft grinding process. And the solution and theoretical analysis on the workpiece vibration equation.
(2) establish a dynamic model of the rotor rotating workpiece vibration of three-dimensional moving loads during the machining process, the vibration of slender shaft workpiece during machining process has been simplified to processing quality of centralized system, the three rotor dynamic system processing and machining, the workpiece quality and diameter changes with time in the process of consideration the effect and surface regeneration effect of workpiece.
(3) carried out a study on the stability of workpiece vibration during machining process, considering the influence of the tool vibration both the workpiece and the interaction of the centralized tool vibration equation of the system with the workpiece vibration equation and the quality analysis model is established to solve the cutting chatter stability, turning a critical limit, so as to avoid the flutter.
(4) of different clamping workpiece during the machining process and its boundary conditions, and the vibration equation of the workpiece; with the help of theoretical calculation, analysis of turning, grinding cutting amount of process, the influence of diameter parameters on the vibration and stability.
(5) the machining vibration experiment, the theoretical model of the workpiece vibration under the action of moving loads is verified; on different clamping processing boundary conditions (such as turning, grinding) of the workpiece, the tool and holder of modal analysis and parameter identification respectively; the workpiece vibration turning and grinding process, machining precision and the surface roughness measurement. In order to measure the degree of grinding force is developed with piezoelectric cylindrical grinding force measuring device, and the device was calibrated, precision analysis and testing.
This paper studies on the slender shaft workpiece vibration show that the moving load cutting process, rotating the workpiece quality and the diameter of the time-varying characteristics have influence on the workpiece vibration, axial vibration model of rotary slender workpiece under moving loads can accurately reflect the vibration of workpiece in machining process, for further cutting process in the study of vibration loads of different cross-section slender shaft movement of the workpiece has laid a good foundation.

【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TG506;TH133.2

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