本文選題：塔機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：疲勞剩余壽命　出處：《中南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,塔式起重機(jī)已成為建筑施工中主要的運(yùn)輸機(jī)械設(shè)備。由于塔機(jī)的金屬結(jié)構(gòu)長期受到隨機(jī)交變載荷的作用,容易因疲勞破壞而引起嚴(yán)重的塔機(jī)事故。因此,開發(fā)一種高效、可靠的塔機(jī)剩余壽命預(yù)測系統(tǒng)具有重要的意義。 本文結(jié)合塔機(jī)疲勞壽命預(yù)測發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題,改進(jìn)了獲取塔機(jī)疲勞載荷譜的三點(diǎn)雨流計(jì)數(shù)方法,提出了一種基于灰色Miner法則的疲勞累積損傷預(yù)測模型,完成了塔機(jī)疲勞剩余壽命的預(yù)測功能。本文設(shè)計(jì)的塔機(jī)疲勞剩余壽命預(yù)測系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了塔機(jī)關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力數(shù)據(jù)的采集、傳輸與處理,并最終給出了與事實(shí)相符的塔機(jī)剩余壽命預(yù)測結(jié)果,為塔機(jī)的維護(hù)和報(bào)廢提供了可靠的依據(jù),具有較高的工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。 本文完成的主要工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： (1)對塔機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)與載荷特性進(jìn)行了細(xì)致深入地研究,探討了塔機(jī)疲勞破壞的成因,通過分析塔機(jī)疲勞類型,確定了塔機(jī)疲勞剩余壽命預(yù)測方法,改進(jìn)了獲取疲勞載荷譜的三點(diǎn)雨流計(jì)數(shù)模型。 (2)分析了低于疲勞極限的應(yīng)力和加載順序?qū)ζ趬勖挠绊?按照由低到高的順序加載,材料具有較大的疲勞破壞臨界損傷值,而按照由低到高的順序加載,材料具有較小的臨界損傷值。針對低于疲勞極限的載荷會(huì)對疲勞壽命產(chǎn)生影響的事實(shí),提出了基于灰色Miner法則的疲勞累積損傷計(jì)算方法,并建立了該方法的數(shù)學(xué)模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)更為精確的塔機(jī)疲勞壽命的預(yù)測。 (3)設(shè)計(jì)了以ARM開發(fā)板為核心,GPRS模塊作為遠(yuǎn)程無線通信接口的硬件框架結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)合多個(gè)用于實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集的傳感器,研制了塔機(jī)應(yīng)力現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測終端。以ASP.NET為開發(fā)平臺(tái),以SQL Server2005為數(shù)據(jù)庫,完成了系統(tǒng)軟件及算法的設(shè)計(jì)。 (4)研究了MATLAB與.NET混合開發(fā)的技術(shù)。創(chuàng)新性地利用MATLAB的.NET Builder將壽命預(yù)測源代碼打包轉(zhuǎn)化成.NET組件通過動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)站業(yè)務(wù)層對MATLAB源程序的調(diào)用,實(shí)現(xiàn)了塔機(jī)疲勞剩余壽命預(yù)測功能。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the expansion of infrastructure in our country, tower crane has become the main transportation equipment in construction. Because the metal structure of tower crane is subjected to random alternating load for a long time, It is easy to cause serious tower crane accidents due to fatigue failure. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an efficient and reliable residual life prediction system for tower cranes. In this paper, combined with the present situation and existing problems of tower crane fatigue life prediction, the three-point rain flow counting method for obtaining tower crane fatigue load spectrum is improved, and a fatigue cumulative damage prediction model based on gray Miner rule is proposed. The fatigue residual life prediction system of tower crane designed in this paper has realized the acquisition, transmission and processing of stress data of the key structure of tower crane. Finally, the prediction results of residual life of tower crane in accordance with the facts are given, which provides a reliable basis for the maintenance and scrapping of tower crane, and has higher engineering practical value. The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows:. 1) the structure and load characteristics of tower crane are studied in detail, and the causes of fatigue failure of tower crane are discussed. By analyzing the fatigue type of tower crane, the method of predicting the remaining fatigue life of tower crane is determined. The three-point rain flow counting model for obtaining fatigue load spectrum is improved. (2) the influence of stress and loading sequence below fatigue limit on fatigue life is analyzed. According to the order of loading from low to high, the material has a larger critical damage value of fatigue failure, and loads in order from low to high. The material has smaller critical damage value. In view of the fact that the load below the fatigue limit will affect the fatigue life, a method for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage based on the grey Miner rule is proposed, and the mathematical model of the method is established. More accurate prediction of tower crane fatigue life is realized. In this paper, the hardware frame structure of remote wireless communication interface based on ARM development board is designed. Combined with many sensors used for real-time data acquisition, the stress field monitoring terminal of tower crane is developed. ASP.NET is used as the development platform. Taking SQL Server2005 as database, the system software and algorithm are designed. This paper studies the technology of mixed development of MATLAB and .NET, and innovatively uses the .NET Builder of MATLAB to package the source code of life prediction into the calling of .NET component to the source program of MATLAB through the business layer of dynamic website, and realizes the function of predicting the remaining life of tower crane fatigue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.3

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