本文選題：碟式分離機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：有限元分析　出處：《廣東海洋大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著全球能源與環(huán)保行業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展以及國(guó)際形勢(shì)日益復(fù)雜化，國(guó)防、冶金、食品、化工、核工以及藥劑等行業(yè)高品位、高純凈的需求凸現(xiàn)和低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化；分離機(jī)械工業(yè)越來(lái)越受到各國(guó)的重視，，對(duì)于碟式分離機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)，其生產(chǎn)數(shù)量與應(yīng)用規(guī)模已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)超其他類型連續(xù)離心機(jī)總和，正常工作過(guò)程中，機(jī)器的結(jié)構(gòu)安全性和加工穩(wěn)定性顯得尤為重要；針對(duì)當(dāng)前碟式分離機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速不斷提高、結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)日益復(fù)雜化，采用經(jīng)典彈性力學(xué)理論不能滿足設(shè)計(jì)需要等問(wèn)題；本文以LX-460型膠乳碟式分離機(jī)為研究對(duì)象，以提高結(jié)構(gòu)安全性、降低應(yīng)力水平為目標(biāo)，結(jié)合有限元分析與理論計(jì)算，對(duì)其主要結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力特性進(jìn)行研究，提高分離效率與整機(jī)性能、降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、增大生產(chǎn)能力。 本文對(duì)碟式分離機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究的主要工作及所得研究結(jié)果如下： （1）轉(zhuǎn)鼓結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力特性研究 研究轉(zhuǎn)鼓工作轉(zhuǎn)速空轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)與工作狀態(tài)兩種工況的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力特性，確定有限元分析約束條件，建立分析計(jì)算模型，比較轉(zhuǎn)鼓兩種工況下的應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律；構(gòu)造幾何路徑，研究轉(zhuǎn)鼓螺紋牙、排料口等高應(yīng)力區(qū)域的局部應(yīng)力；改變工作轉(zhuǎn)速，分析各工況結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力與工作轉(zhuǎn)速的變化規(guī)律；建立轉(zhuǎn)鼓接觸計(jì)算模型，進(jìn)行有限元接觸分析，研究接觸分析過(guò)程中，不同剛度系數(shù)Knormal對(duì)接觸模型計(jì)算速度與收斂曲線變化規(guī)律的影響，確定最優(yōu)剛度。研究表明：結(jié)構(gòu)整體應(yīng)力水平分布不均，轉(zhuǎn)鼓筒體沉渣區(qū)、轉(zhuǎn)鼓側(cè)壁、螺紋牙等位置局部應(yīng)力水平很高，應(yīng)采用結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化等手段，考慮從降低結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力集中、改善結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度、結(jié)構(gòu)輕量化等方面進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。 （2）螺旋齒輪應(yīng)力特性研究 參數(shù)化構(gòu)建螺旋齒輪實(shí)體模型，針對(duì)空間點(diǎn)接觸類型的特殊性，建立嚙合傳動(dòng)有限元計(jì)算模型，進(jìn)行三維接觸分析，比較不同齒對(duì)數(shù)嚙合，接觸應(yīng)力變化情況；確定導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、對(duì)流換熱系數(shù)、溫度場(chǎng)約束條件，考慮螺旋齒輪嚙合傳動(dòng)發(fā)熱對(duì)膠合、齒面磨損、點(diǎn)蝕等失效形式的影響，將溫度作為熱載荷，進(jìn)行熱彈耦合分析，研究耦合場(chǎng)載荷分布規(guī)律。研究表明：不同齒對(duì)數(shù)接觸，齒面接觸應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律基本相同，點(diǎn)接觸條件下，耦合場(chǎng)應(yīng)力水平較高，輪齒發(fā)熱加劇了齒輪磨損速度，極大地影響了嚙合效率，脈動(dòng)循環(huán)交變應(yīng)力引起齒輪、軸承的振動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)鼓不平衡，引起嚴(yán)重的后果。應(yīng)優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，降低閉式齒輪箱發(fā)熱及輪齒受載狀態(tài)，提高傳動(dòng)效率。 （3）評(píng)估有限元計(jì)算結(jié)果及強(qiáng)度校核 采用無(wú)力矩、有力矩理論分析轉(zhuǎn)鼓鼓壁以及邊緣效應(yīng)區(qū)的強(qiáng)度問(wèn)題，理論分析螺旋齒輪的齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度、齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度，將理論計(jì)算結(jié)果與有限元分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比，驗(yàn)證有限元建模分析計(jì)算方法的正確性，結(jié)合安定性原理及結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度評(píng)定準(zhǔn)則，進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度評(píng)定，校核結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度的安全性。研究表明：有限元法與現(xiàn)有理論方法得到的轉(zhuǎn)鼓、螺旋齒輪應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律基本接近，相對(duì)誤差在20%以內(nèi)，驗(yàn)證了有限元建模分析方法的正確性，通常情況下，理論方法進(jìn)行應(yīng)力計(jì)算與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)比較保守，通過(guò)結(jié)果比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)有限元法分析結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力值比理論值稍大，這與現(xiàn)實(shí)相符，說(shuō)明采用有限元法設(shè)計(jì)分離機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)更具先進(jìn)性，有限元值進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核，結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度滿足要求。 （4）結(jié)構(gòu)多目標(biāo)驅(qū)動(dòng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 利用ANSYS Workbench環(huán)境中的多目標(biāo)驅(qū)動(dòng)優(yōu)化技術(shù)（GDO），對(duì)碟式分離機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)鼓鎖環(huán)與螺旋齒輪進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)驅(qū)動(dòng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)分析，從安全性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性出發(fā)，結(jié)合優(yōu)化目標(biāo)函數(shù)敏感性分析與參數(shù)響應(yīng)性分析，合理優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)幾何參數(shù)與性能參數(shù)，進(jìn)行有限元分析與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，比較優(yōu)化前后結(jié)構(gòu)目標(biāo)函數(shù)的變化規(guī)律，確定最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。優(yōu)化表明：優(yōu)化后的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力分布相對(duì)比較均勻，應(yīng)力集中減小，最大等效應(yīng)力明顯降低，材料消耗減少，結(jié)構(gòu)綜合性能得到一定的提高，對(duì)碟式分離機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化以及整機(jī)可靠性提高具有一定的價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the global energy and environmental protection industry, the rapid development and the international situation is becoming more and more complex, defense, metallurgy, food, chemical, pharmaceutical and nuclear industries such as high grade, high pure demand highlights and low carbon economy globalization; separation machinery industry attracted more and more attention, for disc separator, the number of production and the application of the scale has been far more than other types of continuous centrifuge combined, the normal work process, machine structure safety and processing stability is particularly important; in view of the current disc separator increasing speed, the system structure is becoming more and more complex, the classical elasticity theory can not meet the requirement of design problems; based on the LX-460 type disc separator for latex the object of study, in order to improve the safety of structure, reduce the stress level as the goal, combined with the finite element analysis and theoretical calculation, the main structure of Netlon In order to improve the efficiency of separation and the performance of the whole machine, reduce the labor intensity and increase the production capacity.
In this paper, the main work of the study on the structure of disc separator and the results of the study are as follows:
(1) study on the stress characteristics of the drum structure
Study on the drum working speed idling characteristic stress of structure state and work state of two conditions, determine the finite element analysis of the restriction conditions, establish the calculation model and comparison of drum stress distribution under two working conditions; the geometric path of drum thread, the discharge of high local stress area; change the working speed of the condition of structure stress variation and the working speed of the drum; establish contact model, finite element contact analysis, contact analysis, effects of different stiffness coefficient Knormal variation speed and convergence curves of contact model, determine the optimal stiffness. The results show that: the overall structure the stress level of the uneven distribution of sediment area of the drum, the drum wall, the thread position of the local stress level is very high, should by means of structural optimization, considering the reduced structural stress concentration To improve the structure strength, structure light weight and other aspects of design.
(2) study on the stress characteristics of helical gear
The construction parameters of spiral gear solid model, aiming at the particularity of the space point contact type, the establishment of meshing finite element model for three-dimensional contact analysis, compare the different number of teeth, the contact stress changes; Determination of thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, temperature field constraints, considering the gear box for heating bonding, tooth wear, pitting failure effect, the temperature as thermal load, analyze the thermoelastic coupling of coupling field load distribution. The results show that: the different number of teeth in contact, stress distribution of tooth surface contact is basically the same, point contact conditions, the coupling field of high stress level, tooth the heated gear wear speed, greatly affects the meshing efficiency, pulsating cyclic alternating stress caused by gear, bearing vibration, resulting in drum imbalance, caused serious consequences. We should optimize the structure. To reduce the heat of the closed gear box and the state of the gear load, so as to improve the transmission efficiency.
(3) evaluation of the results of finite element calculation and strength checking
The torque, torque theory analysis of rotary drum wall and the strength of the edge effect area, theoretical analysis of helical gear tooth contact fatigue strength and bending fatigue strength, comparing the results of theoretical calculation and finite element analysis results, the correctness of the calculation method of analysis and validation of finite element modeling, combined with the principle and stability the structural strength assessment criteria, evaluate the strength and safety check of structure strength. The results indicate that the drum by finite element method and the existing method, the stress distribution of helical gear close and the relative error was less than 20%, verify the correctness of the analysis method of finite element modeling, under normal circumstances, the theory method stress calculation and structure design is conservative. By comparing the results, analysis of structure stress value is slightly greater than the theoretical value of finite element method, and the reality that, by using the finite element method The structure of the separator is more advanced, the strength of the finite element is checked and the strength of the structure meets the requirements.
(4) structural multi-objective drive optimization design
Drive optimization technique using multi-objective ANSYS in Workbench environment (GDO), driver design optimization analysis of disc separator drum lock ring and spiral gear for multi target, from safety, economy point of view, combined with the optimization objective function sensitivity analysis and parameter response analysis, optimizing geometric parameters and performance parameters, finite element analysis and structure design, studied the structure function before and after optimization, the optimal structure parameter optimization. The optimized structure shows that the stress distribution is relatively uniform, the stress concentration decreases, the maximum equivalent stress decreased significantly, reduce material consumption, the comprehensive performance of the structure can be improved, and has a certain value to the dish separator structure optimization and improve the reliability.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TH132.422;TQ051.8

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