本文選題：壓力容器　切入點(diǎn)：不拆保溫　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展,壓力容器已廣泛應(yīng)用于化工、電力、冶金、輕工、醫(yī)藥、軍事及科研等領(lǐng)域。壓力容器的運(yùn)行壓力越來越高,運(yùn)行溫度也向著高溫和低溫兩個(gè)方向發(fā)展,并且壓力容器介質(zhì)種類繁多,大部分壓力容器的介質(zhì)有易燃、易爆、有毒、腐蝕等特征,危險(xiǎn)性很大,一旦發(fā)生事故,往往會(huì)造成很大危害。 為了保證壓力容器的安全運(yùn)行,就必須對(duì)壓力容器進(jìn)行全面檢驗(yàn)。然而現(xiàn)有的檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)技術(shù)一般要求停機(jī)拆除保溫才能進(jìn)行全面檢驗(yàn)。這就有一些突出的問題擺在面前,如企業(yè)停機(jī)會(huì)影響生產(chǎn),造成較大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,還有的是壓力容器保溫層造價(jià)較高,若拆除保溫會(huì)加重企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān),還有的是企業(yè)檢修工期短,全面檢驗(yàn)的時(shí)間不夠,以上情況就導(dǎo)致相當(dāng)一部分壓力容器難以進(jìn)行全面檢驗(yàn)。 本項(xiàng)目通過對(duì)一臺(tái)以聚氨酯發(fā)泡板做保溫層的液氨球罐的全面檢驗(yàn),來試驗(yàn)在不拆除保溫層的情況下,能否達(dá)到預(yù)期的檢驗(yàn)效果。首先采用荷蘭RTD公司的不拆覆蓋層脈沖渦流測(cè)厚儀,在不拆保溫層的情況下進(jìn)行了壁厚檢查；采用聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)儀,對(duì)該設(shè)備工作狀態(tài)下的活動(dòng)缺陷進(jìn)行了在線監(jiān)測(cè)和安全評(píng)價(jià)。在球罐外部對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲發(fā)射源的部位進(jìn)行了超聲波檢測(cè)。然后對(duì)該球罐進(jìn)行了開罐檢查,從球罐內(nèi)部用超聲波測(cè)厚儀進(jìn)行了球殼板的厚度測(cè)量和表面磁粉檢測(cè)。將不開罐不拆保溫層情況下獲得的球罐厚度數(shù)據(jù)和活動(dòng)缺陷與開罐在球罐內(nèi)部測(cè)得的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較,從而證明了采用不拆保溫層進(jìn)行全面檢驗(yàn)方法的可行性。通過此次試驗(yàn)總結(jié)出了不拆保溫檢測(cè)壓力容器的工作流程,按此流程對(duì)另一臺(tái)帶保溫的壓力容器進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證性試驗(yàn),更進(jìn)一步證明了該方法的可行性。實(shí)現(xiàn)了帶保溫壓力容器的在線檢測(cè),提高了檢驗(yàn)的效率,減輕了企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān),同時(shí)也保證了壓力容器的安全運(yùn)行,具有良好的社會(huì)效益,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology progress and industrial production, the pressure vessel has been widely used in chemical industry, electric power, metallurgy, light industry, medicine, military and scientific research fields. The operation of pressure vessel pressure is more and more high, the operating temperature to high temperature and low temperature of two directions, and the pressure container medium variety, most of the pressure vessel the media are inflammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive and dangerous, once the accident, it will cause great harm.
In order to ensure the safe operation of pressure vessel, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive inspection of pressure vessels. However, the existing detection technology generally stop removal of insulation to carry out a comprehensive inspection. It has some prominent issues, such as business downtime will affect production, resulting in large economic losses, there is a pressure vessel insulation layer the cost is high, the removal of insulation would increase the economic burden of the enterprise, and the enterprise is the maintenance period is short, the overall test time is not enough, the above situations lead to a considerable part of the pressure vessel to conduct a comprehensive inspection.
This project through a comprehensive inspection of the liquid ammonia spherical tank with polyurethane foam board insulation layer, to test in the dismantling of the insulation layer, can achieve the desired effect. The first test of Holland RTD company without removing the layer thickness gauge of pulsed eddy current, the wall thickness of insulation layer is not removed in check the case; using acoustic emission detector, on-line monitoring and safety evaluation of activities under the working state of the equipment defects. Outside of the spherical tank found parts of acoustic emission source for ultrasonic testing. Then open the spherical tank inspection, from the internal sphere with ultrasonic thickness gauge for measuring thickness and the surface magnetic testing of shell plate. Will not open cans without removing the insulation tank thickness defection data under the condition of open and tank measured in the internal sphere data were compared, which proved by no demolition The feasibility of the comprehensive inspection method of insulation layer. Through this test concluded the insulation without dismantling the testing process of pressure vessels, according to the process tests on another pressure vessel insulation, further proved the feasibility of this method. To realize the on-line detection of pressure vessels with insulation, improve the efficiency of test and reduce the economic burden, but also to ensure the safe operation of pressure vessels, with good social benefits, it has a good application prospect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH49

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