本文選題：離心泵　切入點：汽蝕　出處：《華南理工大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：汽蝕現(xiàn)象是離心泵運行中常見的損害,汽蝕對泵的安全、經(jīng)濟的運行均有破壞性作用。因為吸上管路或管道設計和實際工況中泵的運行狀態(tài)有差別,再加上大氣壓、溫度、介質(zhì)氣化壓力的變化常常加劇汽蝕的嚴重性,從而導致水泵的性能大大降低,流量減小,壓力損失加大,能耗增加,同時葉輪及葉片的使用壽命也大大降低,嚴重影響了泵站效益。對于投入運行的泵,很難做到完全克服泵自身汽蝕性能引起汽蝕,可以利用科學有效的方法減少汽蝕對泵運行狀態(tài)的影響。 葉片泵在實際應用中并不一定運轉在設計工況,甚至根本就不運轉在設計工況,而故障和可靠性的問題卻常發(fā)生在非設計工況。無論在設計或使用方面,目前對汽蝕問題的認識還是遠遠不夠的,尚需在研究過程中不斷深化和發(fā)展,因此,要徹底解決這一問題還有很大的距離。 本文就離心泵的汽蝕問題,以目前的研究動態(tài)結合自來水生產(chǎn)實踐的情況進行論述。著重研究自來水生產(chǎn)工藝中取水泵站、送水泵站和加壓泵站的離心泵故障原因分析和對策措施。離心泵實際運行中,造成故障的原因通常不是唯一的,而是綜合了各方面的因素影響,這就需要綜合應用各科理論對故障進行全面分析,特別是結合具體的水質(zhì)情況具體分析,找到最關鍵的解決問題的方法和對策。通過研究離心泵汽蝕磨損產(chǎn)生的原因,并結合自來水生產(chǎn)的實際需要,從優(yōu)化調(diào)度、節(jié)約能源、提高效率、降低檢修率和安全生產(chǎn)等方面展開,從使用者的角度提出切實可行的預防措施和改進方法。在生產(chǎn)實踐基礎上針對離心泵各類故障的原因從偏離設計工況范圍運行、吸上條件、水質(zhì)、葉輪材質(zhì)等方面進行分析,通過取樣實驗、泵站運行數(shù)據(jù)分析,尋求理論上的依據(jù)和解決措施,以選擇最優(yōu)處理方式,探討經(jīng)濟可行的對策措施。
[Abstract]:Cavitation is a common damage in the operation of centrifugal pump. Cavitation has a destructive effect on the safety and economical operation of the pump, because the design of suction pipeline or pipeline is different from the operating state of the pump in actual working conditions, plus atmospheric pressure and temperature. The variation of the pressure of medium gasification often intensifies the severity of cavitation, which results in the performance of the pump greatly reduced, the flow rate reduced, the pressure loss increased, the energy consumption increased, and the service life of the impeller and blade greatly reduced. It is difficult to completely overcome the cavitation caused by the cavitation performance of the pump itself, and the scientific and effective method can be used to reduce the influence of cavitation on the operating state of the pump. In practical application, the vane pump does not necessarily run in the design condition, or even does not run in the design condition at all, but the problems of fault and reliability often occur in the off-design condition. At present, the understanding of cavitation problem is far from enough, and it still needs to be deepened and developed in the course of research. Therefore, there is still a long way to go to solve this problem thoroughly. In this paper, the cavitation problem of centrifugal pump is discussed in the light of the current research trends combined with the practice of tap water production, and the water pumping station in tap water production process is emphatically studied. Cause analysis and countermeasures of centrifugal pump failure in feed pump station and pressurized pump station. In actual operation of centrifugal pump, the cause of failure is usually not the only one, but the influence of various factors. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively apply the theories of various disciplines to the comprehensive analysis of the faults, especially to find out the most critical methods and countermeasures for solving the problems by combining the concrete analysis of the water quality. Through the study of the causes of cavitation wear of centrifugal pumps, the causes of cavitation wear and tear of centrifugal pumps are studied. Combined with the actual needs of tap water production, from the aspects of optimizing scheduling, saving energy, improving efficiency, reducing overhaul rate and safety production, etc. Practical preventive measures and improvement methods are put forward from the point of view of users. On the basis of production practice, the causes of various failures of centrifugal pumps are analyzed from the aspects of deviating from the design operating conditions, suction conditions, water quality, impeller material, etc. Through sampling experiment and operation data analysis of pumping station, the theoretical basis and solving measures are sought, in order to select the optimal treatment mode and to discuss the economic and feasible countermeasures.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH311

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