本文關(guān)鍵詞： 激光選區(qū)熔化（SLM） 個性化植入體 數(shù)字化設(shè)計 直接制造　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：增材制造作為一種新的制造技術(shù)，正快速改變我們的生活方式。激光選區(qū)熔化技術(shù)（Selective laser metling，SLM）是增材制造中直接制造金屬功能件的重要技術(shù)之一。通過SLM技術(shù)，可以獲得任意復(fù)雜形狀、力學(xué)性能良好、尺寸精度較高的功能件，適合在小批量、定制化的復(fù)雜功能件上應(yīng)用，特別是為患者量身定做個性化植入體。目前對SLM研究大多集中在設(shè)備、材料、工藝等方面，而由新的制造技術(shù)對設(shè)計改變與影響的研究相對較少。為了充分利用SLM技術(shù)在個性化植入體直接制造方面的優(yōu)勢，基于SLM技術(shù)對個性化植入體進(jìn)行設(shè)計與制造是非常有意義的研究。 據(jù)此，本文研究基于激光選區(qū)熔化的個性化植入體設(shè)計與制造，主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下： （1）提出了SLM自由結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計規(guī)則�；谠霾闹圃旃残灾R—結(jié)構(gòu)自由生長概念，衍生了自由結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計與制造。以自由結(jié)構(gòu)和傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計公理體系構(gòu)建了基于SLM自由結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計規(guī)則，并研究了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計約束—原理約束、工具約束、應(yīng)用約束。基于SLM自由結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計規(guī)則，對個性化植入體的設(shè)計規(guī)則進(jìn)行了探討，提出個性化植入體設(shè)計中兩大應(yīng)用約束—形狀個性化匹配性約束、性能近似性約束。 （2）研究了個性化植入體設(shè)計方法。在基于SLM自由結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計體系下，以個性化幾何外形的匹配為約束，采用正向、逆向設(shè)計方法對個性化植入體基本結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計。以結(jié)構(gòu)性能與宿主組織近似性為約束，采用以多孔結(jié)構(gòu)為性能結(jié)構(gòu)，與幾何外形進(jìn)行整體或者局部組合設(shè)計，完成個性化植入體性能優(yōu)化設(shè)計。同時為了提高設(shè)計效率，采用基于實(shí)例推理方式，先匹配與患者需求的近似植入體，在對其部分結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行變型設(shè)計的方式滿足個性化要求。 （3）基于SLM熔道堆積理論，研究成型工藝基本單元-熔道形貌影響因素，以及熔道層內(nèi)搭接以及層間搭接率對成型致密度的影響，建立了材料工藝研究通用機(jī)理。對醫(yī)用金屬材料316L不銹鋼、CoCrMo、Ti6Al4V成型工藝研究，獲得高致密度以及連續(xù)致密度成型工藝參數(shù)。在高致密度工藝參數(shù)下成型測試樣件，對成型性能、耐腐性、幾何性能進(jìn)行測試研究。結(jié)果證實(shí)，醫(yī)用金屬材料316L不銹鋼、CoCrMo、Ti6Al4V的SLM性能均高于醫(yī)用鑄造件水平，可以滿足醫(yī)用產(chǎn)品要求。 （4）為了提高對個性化植入體設(shè)計與制造的響應(yīng)能力，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)化制造基礎(chǔ)上，建立個性化植入體協(xié)同設(shè)計與制造方法。個性化植入體設(shè)計與制造需要醫(yī)生、設(shè)計人員、制造人員、分析人員、工藝人員進(jìn)行信息交流，才能完成個性化植入體設(shè)計與制造任務(wù)。為了更快、更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)個性化植入體的設(shè)計與制造，，采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)化制造方式，設(shè)計與制造任務(wù)中組織人員通過協(xié)同的方式完成信息交流。整個協(xié)同過程中，通過人員組織管理、知識管理、協(xié)同感知管理、協(xié)同沖突管理等保證協(xié)同過程順利進(jìn)行，從而解決了個性化植入體設(shè)計與制造響應(yīng)慢的問題。
[Abstract]:As a new manufacturing technology, material augmentation is rapidly changing our way of life. Laser selective laser Metalingling (SLM) is one of the most important technologies in fabricating metal functional parts directly through SLM technology. Can obtain any complex shape, good mechanical properties, high dimensional accuracy of functional parts, suitable for small batch, customized complex functional applications, In particular, personalized implants are tailored for patients. At present, most of the research on SLM is focused on equipment, materials, technology, and so on. In order to make full use of the advantages of SLM technology in the direct manufacture of individualized implants, The design and manufacture of personalized implants based on SLM technology is very meaningful. Therefore, the design and manufacture of individualized implants based on laser selective melting are studied in this paper. The main research contents and results are as follows:. (1) the SLM free structure design rule is put forward. Based on the common knowledge of adding material manufacturing, the concept of free structure growth is proposed. The design and manufacture of free structure are derived. The design rules based on free structure and traditional design axiom system are constructed, and the structure design constraint-principle constraint and tool constraint are studied. Application constraints. Based on the design rules of SLM free structure, the design rules of personalized implants are discussed, and two major application constraints in personalized implant design, namely, shape personalized matching constraints and performance approximation constraints, are proposed. (2) the design method of individualized implant is studied. In the design system based on SLM free structure, the matching of individual geometry is taken as the constraint and the forward direction is adopted. The basic structure of individualized implants is designed by reverse design. The structural performance is constrained by the approximation of host tissue, the porous structure is used as the performance structure, and the whole or local combination design is carried out with geometric shape. At the same time, in order to improve the design efficiency, we adopt case-based reasoning (CBR) to match the approximate implants with patients' needs, and design some of its structures to meet the requirements of personalization. (3) based on the theory of SLM melt path accumulation, the factors affecting the morphology of the melt channel, the basic unit of the forming process, and the influence of the overlap ratio between the layers and within the channel layer on the density of the forming process are studied. The general mechanism of material technology research was established. The processing parameters of high density and continuous density forming of medical metal material 316L stainless steel CoCrMoTi6Al4V were obtained. The results show that the SLM properties of medical metal material 316L stainless steel CoCrMoMoTi6Al4V are higher than those of medical castings, which can meet the requirements of medical products. In order to improve the ability of responding to the design and manufacture of individualized implants, a collaborative design and manufacturing method of individualized implants is established on the basis of networked manufacturing. The design and manufacture of individualized implants need doctors, designers and manufacturers. In order to realize the design and manufacture of individualized implants more quickly and better, the design and manufacture of individualized implants can be accomplished by means of networked manufacturing in order to exchange information between analysts and craftsmen. In the design and manufacturing task, the organization personnel complete the information exchange through the cooperative way. In the whole collaborative process, the cooperation process is ensured by the personnel organization management, knowledge management, cooperative perception management, collaborative conflict management, etc. Thus, the problem of slow response in the design and manufacture of personalized implants is solved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH16

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