本文關(guān)鍵詞： 多股簧 沖擊 動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù) 檢測 PLC 疲勞試驗(yàn)　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：多股螺旋彈簧(簡稱多股簧)是由多根鋼絲繞成鋼索后卷制而成的圓柱螺旋彈簧,與單股簧相比,這種彈簧具有較大的非線性阻尼,吸收沖擊能力強(qiáng),有更好的強(qiáng)度及獨(dú)特的吸振、減振效果更好,強(qiáng)度更高、疲勞壽命更長。因此,在汽車儀器儀表減振系統(tǒng)、武器發(fā)射系統(tǒng)、航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以及民用等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域中都具有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 多股簧在低速加載情況下,簧圈上任意質(zhì)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度,沿彈簧軸向呈線性分布,受力端位移、速度最大,固定端位移、速度為零。因此,可以近似推算出簧圈上各質(zhì)點(diǎn)位移、速度和加速度隨時(shí)間的變化情況。但多股簧受到高速?zèng)_擊載荷時(shí),由于有質(zhì)量、慣性,再加上自身的諧振,鋼絲材料的彈性變形以及鋼絲與鋼絲之間的相對滑移而產(chǎn)生的摩擦阻力等諸多因素,簧圈的運(yùn)動(dòng)將變得非常復(fù)雜。具體地說,簧圈上各質(zhì)點(diǎn)的位移和速度沿軸向不再是線性分布,而是以縱波的形式向固定端傳遞,并在固定端反射。因此,現(xiàn)有的彈簧拉壓試驗(yàn)設(shè)備和檢測技術(shù)肯定不能適用。另外,現(xiàn)在對沖擊載荷下多股簧疲勞壽命的檢測,只能進(jìn)行實(shí)彈射擊測試,這樣成本高、周期長、效率低。故目前只能簡單地用低速諧波疲勞試驗(yàn)代替高速?zèng)_擊疲勞試驗(yàn),進(jìn)而求取多股簧沖擊疲勞壽命近似結(jié)果。 針對當(dāng)前彈簧檢測設(shè)備存在的問題,本文提出了全新的螺旋彈簧動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)檢測的數(shù)學(xué)模型并基于多股簧開發(fā)了相應(yīng)的試驗(yàn)設(shè)備,以用于檢測沖擊載荷下多股簧的動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)和模擬多股簧的實(shí)際沖擊工況。 本課題研究的主要內(nèi)容: ①提出了沖擊載荷下螺旋彈簧動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,用于檢測螺旋彈簧沖擊載荷下任意簧圈上任意質(zhì)點(diǎn)位移、速度和加速度隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律,為多股簧的動(dòng)態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)理論提供試驗(yàn)依據(jù)。 ②開發(fā)了一套沖擊載荷下多股簧動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)的檢測設(shè)備,具體涉及到該檢測設(shè)備的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊和數(shù)據(jù)分析模塊。 ③在上述檢測設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)上,用PLC控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)了原有設(shè)備單次沖擊到連續(xù)沖擊的轉(zhuǎn)變,用于模擬多股簧的實(shí)際沖擊工況。 ④應(yīng)用上述自主開發(fā)的檢測設(shè)備基于多股簧進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)測試,研究了多股簧在沖擊載荷下內(nèi)部簧圈的變形機(jī)制和沖擊疲勞試驗(yàn)對其剛度的影響。
[Abstract]:Multi-strand helical spring is a kind of cylindrical helical spring, which is made up of many steel wires. Compared with single-strand spring, this kind of spring has more nonlinear damping and stronger shock absorption ability. Have better strength and unique vibration absorption, better vibration absorption effect, higher intensity, longer fatigue life. Therefore, in the automotive instrument damping system, weapon launch system. The aero-engine as well as the civil and so on many fields all have the important application value. Under the condition of low speed loading, the velocity of any mass on the spring coil is linear along the spring axial direction, the displacement of the bearing end is the largest, the displacement of the fixed end is zero, and the velocity is zero. The variation of mass displacement, velocity and acceleration with time on the spring coil can be estimated approximately. However, when the multi-strand spring is subjected to high speed impact load, the mass, inertia and its own resonance can be obtained. The elastic deformation of steel wire material and friction resistance caused by relative slip between steel wire and steel wire will make the movement of spring coil very complicated. The displacement and velocity of the particles on the spring ring are no longer linear distribution along the axial direction, but are transmitted to the fixed end in the form of a longitudinal wave and reflected at the fixed end. The existing spring tension and compression test equipment and testing technology certainly can not be applied. In addition, the fatigue life of multi-strand spring under impact load can only be tested with live fire, which is high cost and long period. Therefore, the low speed harmonic fatigue test can only be used to replace the high speed impact fatigue test, and the approximate results of the impact fatigue life of the multi-strand spring can be obtained. Aiming at the problems existing in the current spring detection equipment, this paper presents a new mathematical model for the dynamic parameter detection of the helical spring and develops the corresponding test equipment based on the multi-strand spring. It is used to detect the dynamic parameters of multi-strand spring under impact load and to simulate the actual impact condition of multi-strand spring. The main contents of this research are as follows: The main contents are as follows: 1. A mathematical model of the dynamic parameters of helical spring under impact load is presented, which is used to detect the variation of displacement, velocity and acceleration of any mass point on any spring ring with time under the impact load of helical spring. It provides experimental basis for dynamic design theory of multi-strand spring. (2) A set of measuring equipment for dynamic parameters of multi-strands spring under impact load is developed, including mechanical structure design, data acquisition module and data analysis module. 3 on the basis of the above testing equipment, the PLC controller is used to realize the transformation from single impact to continuous impact of the original equipment, which is used to simulate the actual impact condition of multi-strand spring. (4) based on the multi-strand spring, the deformation mechanism of the inner spring and the effect of the impact fatigue test on the stiffness of the spring were studied by using the self-developed testing equipment mentioned above.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH135

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