本文關(guān)鍵詞： 碼垛機(jī) 液壓系統(tǒng) 無沖擊 PLC　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)迅猛發(fā)展的新形勢(shì)下,城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展不斷深化,建筑等行業(yè)對(duì)于各種類型的磚塊的需求量日益增大。在傳統(tǒng)的磚塊生產(chǎn)中,不但巨大地消耗了有限的資源粘土,而且對(duì)環(huán)境也產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的污染。在尋求這一矛盾的解決方法的過程中,砌塊成型機(jī)得到了快速發(fā)展。砌塊成型機(jī)是一種以工業(yè)廢料(粉煤灰、爐渣等)為原材料,按照一定比例混合水等原料形成混凝土,然后壓制成型的設(shè)備。 砌塊成型之后,為了方便運(yùn)輸,要將其碼成所需要的垛型。這就需要有碼垛裝置夾持砌塊,通過升降裝置將其抬起,移動(dòng)到指定的地方放置,通過這樣的重復(fù)動(dòng)作完成對(duì)砌塊的搬運(yùn)、碼垛等操作。碼垛機(jī)械在砌塊生產(chǎn)線中發(fā)揮了巨大的作用,大大降低了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,改善了工作環(huán)境,同時(shí)也有利于提高生產(chǎn)水平。 在碼垛設(shè)備攜帶砌塊啟動(dòng)和停止時(shí),如果加速度過大會(huì)造成砌塊脫落,同時(shí)如果加速度太小又會(huì)延長工作周期,降低工作效率。為了解決這個(gè)問題,本論文從液壓系統(tǒng)節(jié)能與優(yōu)化的角度出發(fā),完成了以下幾個(gè)方面的工作。 用電液比例閥控制升降油缸,通過對(duì)比例閥電信號(hào)的設(shè)置,合理規(guī)劃了電壓曲線,實(shí)現(xiàn)油缸平穩(wěn)啟動(dòng)、高速運(yùn)行、平穩(wěn)無沖擊停止的工作循環(huán)。既提高了運(yùn)行速度,減少了運(yùn)行周期,又不會(huì)由于沖擊造成夾持砌塊的脫落。 為了減小液壓缸(液壓馬達(dá))啟動(dòng)和停止時(shí)的沖擊,本設(shè)計(jì)中選擇了二次曲線作為其運(yùn)行曲線,并建立了比例閥控制液壓缸模型。對(duì)碼垛機(jī)運(yùn)行過程進(jìn)行了分析計(jì)算,找出運(yùn)動(dòng)曲線和比例閥控制電壓(電流)之間的關(guān)系。 分析了碼垛機(jī)生產(chǎn)線的工況,確定了碼垛機(jī)工作方案,并據(jù)此制定碼垛機(jī)自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)流程圖。選擇了西門子S7-200PLC作為主控制器,依據(jù)自動(dòng)控制要求確定了PLC的型號(hào)、I/O端子分配等；利用STEP-Micro/WIN4.0編程軟件根據(jù)不同的工作方式(手動(dòng)、自動(dòng))編寫程序,實(shí)現(xiàn)了碼垛機(jī)生產(chǎn)線的自動(dòng)控制和生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化；使用仿真軟件S7-200.EXE對(duì)所編寫的程序進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)、修改和調(diào)試。 通過對(duì)碼垛機(jī)液壓及控制系統(tǒng)的研究,解決了現(xiàn)有碼垛機(jī)系統(tǒng)存在的問題,為提高碼垛效率,提高碼垛機(jī)的可靠性等方面提供了有益的嘗試；同時(shí)對(duì)碼垛機(jī)的電氣控制系統(tǒng)做了研究,為類似液壓設(shè)備的改造、再設(shè)計(jì)和控制提供了有效途徑。
[Abstract]:In the new situation of rapid economic development, the development of urbanization continues to deepen, construction and other industries for various types of brick increasing demand. In the traditional brick production. Not only has the limited resource clay been consumed greatly, but also has caused serious pollution to the environment. In the process of seeking the solution of this contradiction. The block forming machine is a kind of equipment which uses industrial waste (fly ash, slag, etc.) as raw material to form concrete according to a certain proportion of raw materials such as water, and then compacts it. After the block is formed, in order to facilitate transportation, it will be coded into the required stacking type. This requires a palletizing device to hold the block, lift it up through a lifting device, and move to a designated place to place it. Through this repetitive action to complete the block handling, palletizing and other operations. Palletizing machinery in the block production line played a great role, greatly reduced the labor intensity, improved the working environment. At the same time also conducive to improving the level of production. When the palletizing equipment carries the block to start and stop, if the acceleration is too high, the block will fall off, and if the acceleration is too small, the working cycle will be prolonged and the working efficiency will be reduced. In order to solve this problem. From the point of view of energy saving and optimization of hydraulic system, this paper has completed the following work. The electric hydraulic proportional valve is used to control the lift cylinder. By setting the electrical signal of the proportional valve, the voltage curve is reasonably planned, and the cylinder starts smoothly and runs at high speed. It not only improves the running speed, reduces the running cycle, but also does not cause the block to fall off because of the impact. In order to reduce the impact of the start and stop of the hydraulic cylinder (hydraulic motor), the quadratic curve is chosen as the running curve in this design. The model of proportional valve control hydraulic cylinder is established, and the operation process of palletizing machine is analyzed and calculated, and the relationship between the motion curve and the control voltage (current) of proportional valve is found out. The working condition of the palletizing machine production line is analyzed, the working scheme of the palletizing machine is determined, and the flow chart of the automatic control system of the palletizing machine is worked out. Siemens S7-200 PLC is selected as the main controller. According to the requirement of automatic control, the distribution of the I / O terminal of PLC is determined. The automatic control of palletizing machine production line and the automation of production are realized by using STEP-Micro/WIN4.0 programming software according to different working modes (manual and automatic). Use the simulation software S7-200. EXE to check, modify and debug the program. Through the research on the hydraulic and control system of the palletizing machine, the existing problems of the palletizing system are solved, which provides a beneficial attempt for improving the efficiency of palletizing and improving the reliability of the palletizing machine. At the same time, the electric control system of the palletizing machine is studied, which provides an effective way for the reconstruction, redesign and control of the similar hydraulic equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH246

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