本文關(guān)鍵詞： 塔式起重機(jī) 智能監(jiān)控 數(shù)據(jù)采集 PLC WinCC　出處：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：塔式起重機(jī)(塔機(jī))是一種重要的物料運(yùn)輸機(jī)械,它具有加快施工進(jìn)度、減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、節(jié)省人力、降低工程造價(jià)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在現(xiàn)代建筑施工場(chǎng)所中獲得了廣泛的應(yīng)用。但是,在為建筑施工帶來(lái)方便的同時(shí),塔機(jī)的安全事故也隨之增多,由此引發(fā)的人員傷亡和設(shè)備損壞時(shí)有發(fā)生,給人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全造成了巨大的損失。因此,利用現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、控制技術(shù)提高塔機(jī)的工作效率、盡量避免塔機(jī)事故的發(fā)生具有非常重要的意義。 針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,本文設(shè)計(jì)了用于在線監(jiān)測(cè)的塔機(jī)智能監(jiān)控管理系統(tǒng)。在分析了現(xiàn)有方案的基礎(chǔ)上確定了以PLC和WinCC為基礎(chǔ)的塔機(jī)監(jiān)控方案,PLC作為下位機(jī)用來(lái)接收處理傳感器傳送的信息,利用WinCC來(lái)組態(tài)上位機(jī)監(jiān)控界面,用來(lái)顯示塔機(jī)的各個(gè)運(yùn)行參數(shù)。 本文完成了塔式起重機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的分析與研究、數(shù)據(jù)采集單元的設(shè)計(jì)、PLC硬件設(shè)計(jì)及軟件編程、PLC與上位機(jī)通訊、上位機(jī)監(jiān)控界面組態(tài)等工作。系統(tǒng)中采用旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器、拉力傳感器及傾角傳感器來(lái)采集塔機(jī)運(yùn)行參數(shù),使數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量更加準(zhǔn)確。利用PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)塔機(jī)電氣控制,完成傳感器采集信息的處理。PLC處理過(guò)的數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)USB/PPI電纜傳送到上位機(jī)中,以O(shè)PC方式實(shí)現(xiàn)PLC與上位機(jī)之間的數(shù)據(jù)交換,包括OPC服務(wù)器與PLC通訊及OPC服務(wù)器與WinCC通訊兩方面。利用WinCC組態(tài)軟件組態(tài)的上位機(jī)監(jiān)控界面實(shí)現(xiàn)了塔機(jī)的實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)、運(yùn)行參數(shù)顯示、進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)參數(shù)設(shè)置等功能,對(duì)塔機(jī)的超重、超力矩、傾角過(guò)大進(jìn)行報(bào)警,并且添加了防碰撞自學(xué)習(xí)功能,有效地避免了塔機(jī)碰撞事故的發(fā)生。 實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,該監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)能夠完成塔機(jī)運(yùn)行參數(shù)實(shí)時(shí)顯示、系統(tǒng)報(bào)警等功能,完成了最初的設(shè)計(jì)要求,具有一定的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Tower crane (tower crane) is an important material transportation machinery, which has the advantages of speeding up construction progress, reducing labor intensity, saving manpower and reducing project cost. It has been widely used in modern construction sites. However, with the convenience of building construction, the safety accidents of tower cranes also increase, resulting in casualties and equipment damage from time to time. Therefore, it is of great significance to use modern computer technology and control technology to improve the working efficiency of tower crane and avoid the accident of tower crane as far as possible. In order to solve this problem, this paper designs a tower crane intelligent monitoring and management system for on-line monitoring. Based on the analysis of the existing schemes, the tower crane monitoring scheme based on PLC and WinCC is determined. PLC is used as the lower computer to receive and process the information transmitted by the sensor, and WinCC is used to configure the monitor interface of the upper computer to display the operation parameters of the tower crane. In this paper, the analysis and research of tower crane monitoring system, the design of data acquisition unit, the hardware design of PLC and the communication between PLC and PC are completed. In the system, rotary encoder, pull force sensor and inclination sensor are used to collect the parameters of tower crane operation, so that the data measurement is more accurate. The electric control of tower crane is realized by PLC. The data processed by the sensor is transmitted to the host computer by USB/PPI cable, and the data exchange between PLC and the host computer is realized by means of OPC. Including OPC server and PLC communication and OPC server and WinCC communication, the real-time running state of tower crane is realized by using the monitor interface of upper computer configured by WinCC configuration software. The operation parameters show that the system parameters are set, the overweight, overtorque and inclination of the tower crane are alerted, and the anti-collision self-learning function is added, which effectively avoids the collision accident of the tower crane. The experimental results show that the system can display the operation parameters of tower crane in real time and alarm system. The system has completed the initial design requirements and has certain practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP277;TH213.3

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