本文關(guān)鍵詞： 動壓氣體止推軸承 軸向承載力 潤滑膜厚度 靜動特性 彎曲剛度 軸向及彎曲振動　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：彈性箔片動壓氣體軸承是以柔性表面為支承的自作用式動壓撓性軸承，具有質(zhì)量小、可靠性高、維修周期長、環(huán)境與溫度適應(yīng)性強、功率損失小等諸多優(yōu)點，主要包括徑向和止推箔片軸承兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式20世紀六七十年代以來，隨著航空航天、原子能、低溫工程等技術(shù)的發(fā)展，彈性箔片動壓氣體徑向軸承逐漸應(yīng)用到無油透平、低溫膨脹機以及飛機的空氣循環(huán)機等高速旋轉(zhuǎn)機械中。與徑向軸承相比，彈性箔片動壓氣體止推軸承的發(fā)展相對緩慢，對其動壓氣膜的機理研究也不夠深入。鑒于此，本文以波箔型動壓氣體止推軸承為基礎(chǔ)，理論分析其靜、動態(tài)特性，并對止推軸承—轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的動力學(xué)特性進行研究。 首先，建立柱坐標下適合動壓氣體止推軸承的壓力控制Reynolds方程，，選用合適的箔片變形模型，采用Newton-Raphson迭代法和有限差分法相結(jié)合，耦合求解Reynolds方程和潤滑膜厚度方程。利用上述方法研究轉(zhuǎn)子止推盤未傾斜和傾斜狀態(tài)下，彈性箔片動壓氣體止推軸承的靜態(tài)特性。與相同參數(shù)剛性表面止推軸承的結(jié)果對比分析表明：彈性箔片動壓氣體止推軸承可獲得與剛性表面止推軸承相當?shù)妮S向承載力，同時其粘性摩擦力矩較小，所需驅(qū)動力也小。通過分析結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、間隙參數(shù)以及轉(zhuǎn)速等因素對止推軸承靜態(tài)特性的影響規(guī)律，為彈性箔片動壓氣體止推軸承的靜態(tài)性能優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù)。 基于小擾動法建立止推軸承潤滑膜壓力微分量與軸向位移及速度的關(guān)系表達式，采用有限差分法進行求解，獲得止推軸承的動力學(xué)特性系數(shù)。分析轉(zhuǎn)子止推盤傾斜狀態(tài)下潤滑膜壓力分布特點，計算止推軸承的彎曲剛度。對比剛性表面和彈性箔片動壓氣體止推軸承動力學(xué)特性系數(shù)結(jié)果可知，彈性箔片動壓氣體止推軸承的動力學(xué)特性系數(shù)小于剛性表面止推軸承的結(jié)果。最后進行參數(shù)研究，優(yōu)化彈性箔片動壓氣體止推軸承的動態(tài)性能。 根據(jù)動態(tài)特性分析結(jié)果，選擇合適的止推軸承動力學(xué)特性系數(shù)，建立止推軸承—轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)有限元模型，計算轉(zhuǎn)子軸向、彎曲振動臨界轉(zhuǎn)速以及不平衡響應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明，轉(zhuǎn)子軸向振動臨界轉(zhuǎn)速較大，但一階臨界轉(zhuǎn)速通常在極限轉(zhuǎn)速之下，工作時應(yīng)避開該臨界轉(zhuǎn)速一定范圍。另一方面，彈性箔片動壓氣體止推軸承可起到加強徑向軸承剛度的作用。
[Abstract]:Flexible foil hydrodynamic gas bearing is a self-acting dynamic flexible bearing supported by flexible surface. It has many advantages such as small quality, high reliability, long maintenance period, strong adaptability to environment and temperature, small power loss and so on. Mainly includes radial and thrust foil bearing structure form since 20th century, with the development of aerospace, atomic energy, cryogenic engineering and other technologies. Elastic foil hydrodynamic gas radial bearings are gradually applied to high-speed rotating machinery such as oil-free turbine, low temperature expander and aircraft air circulation machine. The development of elastic foil dynamic gas thrust bearing is relatively slow, and the mechanism of dynamic pressure gas film is not deep enough. In view of this, this paper based on the wave foil dynamic pressure gas thrust bearing, theoretical analysis of its static. Dynamic characteristics and dynamic characteristics of thrust bearing-rotor system are studied. Firstly, the pressure control Reynolds equation suitable for hydrodynamic gas thrust bearing is established in cylindrical coordinates, and the appropriate foil deformation model is selected. The Newton-Raphson iterative method and the finite difference method are used. The Reynolds equation and the lubrication film thickness equation are solved by coupling. Static characteristics of elastic foil hydrodynamic thrust bearing. The results of comparison with rigid surface thrust bearing with the same parameters show that:. The axial bearing capacity of the elastic foil hydrodynamic thrust bearing is equivalent to that of the rigid surface thrust bearing. At the same time, the viscous friction torque is small and the driving force is small. By analyzing the influence of structural parameters, clearance parameters and rotational speed on the static characteristics of thrust bearing. It provides the theoretical basis for the static performance optimization of the dynamic pressure gas thrust bearing with elastic foil. Based on the small perturbation method, the relationship between the differential pressure of lubricating film and axial displacement and velocity of thrust bearing is established, and the finite difference method is used to solve the problem. The dynamic characteristic coefficient of thrust bearing is obtained, and the pressure distribution of lubricating film is analyzed under the condition of rotor thrust disc tilting. The bending stiffness of thrust bearing is calculated. Compared with the dynamic characteristic coefficient results of rigid surface and elastic foil hydrodynamic thrust bearing. The dynamic characteristic coefficient of the gas thrust bearing with elastic foil is smaller than that of the thrust bearing with rigid surface. Finally, the parameters are studied to optimize the dynamic performance of the gas thrust bearing with elastic foil. According to the results of dynamic characteristic analysis, the finite element model of thrust bearing-rotor system is established and the rotor axial direction is calculated by selecting the appropriate dynamic characteristic coefficient of thrust bearing. The results show that the critical speed of axial vibration of rotor is large, but the first order critical speed is usually below the limit speed. On the other hand, the elastic foil hydrodynamic thrust bearing can strengthen the stiffness of radial bearing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH133.3

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