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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：高速氣體軸承結(jié)構(gòu)性能分析與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(工程熱物理研究所)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 氣體潤滑軸承 流場分析 承載力 低頻振動

【摘要】：氣體軸承是采用粘度低且隨溫度變化小、清潔無污染、耐輻射、可壓縮性好等特性的氣體作為潤滑介質(zhì)的滑動軸承。氣體的諸多特點(diǎn)一方面使軸承具有功耗低、壽命長和精度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在高速支承、低摩擦低功耗支承、高精度支承和特殊工況下的支承領(lǐng)域占有絕對的應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢。另一方面,氣體的低粘度和可壓縮性等特點(diǎn)抑制了軸承在重載領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。由于氣體的可壓縮性,氣體軸承不能像液體軸承一樣通過提高潤滑介質(zhì)壓力來不斷提高軸承承載力。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)不斷增加氣體供氣壓力時,氣體在節(jié)流口流入軸承間隙處會發(fā)生擁塞,并在軸承間隙中出現(xiàn)亞音速流、超音速流甚至激波等復(fù)雜的流場特性,在超音速區(qū)域造成壓力損失,降低了軸承的承載力。為了保證轉(zhuǎn)子高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的可靠性和特殊工況下對重載的需求,軸承的穩(wěn)定性和承載特性是關(guān)鍵。因此,本文針對氣體軸承,研究了氣膜流場特性、軸承承載特性以及軸承支承下轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性,主要開展了以下工作：1、對包括節(jié)流流道和軸承間隙內(nèi)的完整軸承氣流流場進(jìn)行建模,根據(jù)軸承結(jié)構(gòu)和潤滑氣體參數(shù),確定軸承間隙氣體選用的計算模型,對氣體軸承靜壓流場進(jìn)行分析。首先1)建立節(jié)流口流道模型,計算節(jié)流口出口氣體參數(shù),并判斷節(jié)流口出口是否達(dá)到擁塞；2)根據(jù)潤滑氣體狀態(tài)參數(shù)和軸承結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),判斷軸承間隙內(nèi)是否發(fā)生激波,確定軸承間隙氣膜流態(tài)類型；3)分別選用亞音速和超音速模型來計算軸承間隙內(nèi)流場特性。通過分析潤滑氣體狀態(tài)參數(shù)、軸承結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和軸承間隙內(nèi)流場分布的關(guān)系,來進(jìn)行合理的靜壓氣體軸承結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。2、從氣體動力學(xué)方程、連續(xù)性方程及氣體狀態(tài)方程出發(fā),推導(dǎo)可壓縮氣體雷諾方程。采用有限元法求解方程,使用伽遼金加權(quán)余量法離散方程,得到雷諾方程有限元方程形式。使用三角形單元作為插值函數(shù),迭代法求解有限元方程,得到軸承壓力分布。計算了氣體靜壓軸承、人字槽型線動壓軸承和動靜壓混合軸承的承載力、渦動力、剛度和阻尼。3、采用轉(zhuǎn)子的動力學(xué)特性來衡量軸承特性的方法,建立軸承支承轉(zhuǎn)子的有限元模型,求解了轉(zhuǎn)子軸承系統(tǒng)固有頻率和不平衡響應(yīng),并研究了軸承動力特性參數(shù)對軸承轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)固有頻率的及轉(zhuǎn)子振幅的影響。4、對氣體軸承靜、動態(tài)特性兩方面展開實(shí)驗(yàn)：1)靜特性實(shí)驗(yàn)用來測試軸承的承載力和剛度；2)動特性實(shí)驗(yàn)在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子軸承設(shè)備上,采用非線性測試分析方法,測試不同結(jié)構(gòu)氣體軸承支承下轉(zhuǎn)子高速下振動特性,通過轉(zhuǎn)子的振動特性反應(yīng)軸承的性能。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究靜壓軸承支承下出現(xiàn)的低頻渦動、雙低頻振動和振蕩現(xiàn)象；動壓軸承不同槽型線對轉(zhuǎn)子的影響；動靜壓混合軸承特性研究。
[Abstract]:Gas bearing is a sliding bearing with low viscosity and little change with temperature, clean and pollution-free, radiation resistant, good compressibility and other characteristics of the lubricating medium. On the one hand, the gas features make the bearing have low power consumption. The advantages of long life and high precision, such as high speed support, low friction and low power support, high precision support and support under special working conditions have absolute advantages. On the other hand. The low viscosity and compressibility of gas restrain the application of bearing in the field of heavy load. Because of the compressibility of gas. Gas bearings cannot increase bearing capacity by increasing lubricating medium pressure as liquid bearings do. The gas flows into the bearing clearance at the throttle port will be congested, and the subsonic flow, supersonic flow and even shock wave will appear in the bearing clearance, causing pressure loss in the supersonic region. The bearing capacity is reduced. In order to ensure the reliability of high-speed operation of the rotor and the demand for heavy load under special conditions, the bearing stability and bearing characteristics are the key. Therefore, this paper aims at the gas bearing. The characteristics of gas film flow field, bearing bearing characteristics and the stability of rotor under bearing support are studied, and the following work is mainly carried out. The gas flow field of the whole bearing including throttle passage and bearing clearance is modeled. According to the structure of bearing and the parameters of lubricating gas, the calculation model of gas selection for bearing clearance is determined. The static pressure flow field of gas bearing is analyzed. Firstly, the throttle channel model is established, the gas parameters of throttle outlet are calculated, and the congestion of throttle outlet is judged. 2) judging whether shock wave occurs in bearing clearance according to lubricating gas state parameter and bearing structure parameter, and determining the type of gas film flow state in bearing clearance; 3) the subsonic and supersonic models are used to calculate the characteristics of the flow field in the bearing clearance, and the relationship among the lubrication gas state parameters, the bearing structure parameters and the distribution of the flow field in the bearing clearance is analyzed. Based on the gas dynamics equation, continuity equation and gas state equation, the compressible gas Reynolds equation is derived, and the finite element method is used to solve the equation. The finite element equation of Reynolds equation is obtained by Galerkin weighted residual method, and the finite element equation is solved by iterative method using triangular element as interpolation function. The bearing pressure distribution is obtained. The bearing capacity, vortex force, stiffness and damping of the aerostatic bearing, the herringbone linear hydrodynamic bearing and the hybrid bearing are calculated. The finite element model of bearing supporting rotor is established by using the method of measuring bearing characteristic by rotor dynamic characteristics, and the natural frequency and unbalanced response of rotor bearing system are solved. The influence of bearing dynamic characteristic parameters on the natural frequency and rotor amplitude of bearing rotor system. The static characteristic experiment is used to measure bearing bearing capacity and stiffness. 2) the dynamic characteristics of the rotor bearing equipment with high speed rotation are tested by using the nonlinear test method to test the vibration characteristics of the rotor under the support of different structure gas bearings at high speed. The performance of the bearing is reflected by the vibration characteristics of the rotor. The phenomena of low frequency vortex, double low frequency vibration and oscillation under the support of the hydrostatic bearing are studied experimentally. The influence of different grooves of hydrodynamic bearing on rotor; Study on the characteristics of Hybrid bearing with static and static pressure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(工程熱物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH133.3

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