本文關(guān)鍵詞：液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及其關(guān)鍵控制元件的研究　出處：《浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu) 大流量開關(guān)閥 高速液壓缸 液壓緩沖 2D伺服閥

【摘要】：彈射機(jī)構(gòu)利用系統(tǒng)預(yù)先儲(chǔ)存能量的快速釋放實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)彈射對(duì)象的瞬間加速,廣泛應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)代軍事及普通工業(yè),如航母飛機(jī)的彈射起飛、導(dǎo)彈的彈射發(fā)射、彈射救生座椅、汽車碰撞試驗(yàn)等。根據(jù)動(dòng)力元件的不同,彈射機(jī)構(gòu)主要分為機(jī)械式、燃?xì)馐�、壓縮空氣式、蒸汽式、電磁式以及液壓式,其中,液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)具有功率重量比大、響應(yīng)速度快、控制精度高、易于實(shí)現(xiàn)緩沖、噪聲小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在高性能的應(yīng)用場合逐漸受到重視。液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)以液壓缸活塞的高速運(yùn)動(dòng)為主要特征,關(guān)鍵技術(shù)難點(diǎn)包括大功率瞬時(shí)能源的供應(yīng)、高速液壓執(zhí)行元件的密封與緩沖、高速大流量的彈射控制閥及其導(dǎo)控級(jí)高頻伺服閥的研制開發(fā),可見,液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)屬于高速大功率液壓系統(tǒng),隨著液壓設(shè)備正朝著高速、大功率、低噪聲方向發(fā)展,對(duì)上述關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究成果,具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。 本文首先對(duì)液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和相關(guān)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和分析,論述了高速液壓缸和高頻響、大流量伺服閥的研究現(xiàn)狀,在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)及其關(guān)鍵控制元件-高頻、大流量2D伺服閥開展研究,主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下： 1.針對(duì)特定的應(yīng)用場合,主要提出以下幾種液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)原理方案,一是低速液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu),其液壓缸活塞最大速度達(dá)到8m/s,活塞加速時(shí)間約70ms,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)；二是高速液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)為活塞初始20mm行程時(shí)速度達(dá)到2m/s以上,最大速度達(dá)到15m/s；三是雙液壓缸同步彈射機(jī)構(gòu),兩個(gè)液壓缸同步彈出,最大速度6m/s；還有超高速液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu),對(duì)應(yīng)活塞速度達(dá)到20m/s以上。以高速液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)為例,討論了彈射機(jī)構(gòu)的參數(shù)計(jì)算及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。 2.為解決高速大流量開關(guān)閥的流量和響應(yīng)速度之間的矛盾,提出了雙節(jié)流口并聯(lián)輸出的結(jié)構(gòu)方案,對(duì)開關(guān)閥的零位泄漏特性、閥口流動(dòng)特性以及壓力特性進(jìn)行理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,其在2MPa進(jìn)出口壓差下的流量達(dá)到3000L/mmin,建立了開關(guān)閥閥芯運(yùn)動(dòng)過程的數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)其動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響,并搭建樣機(jī)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,在10MPa工作壓力下,開關(guān)閥的開啟時(shí)間低于15ms,探討了篩閥的結(jié)構(gòu)方案。 3.為提高頻響和流量,將圓孔型導(dǎo)控結(jié)構(gòu)的2D伺服閥改成滿弓型結(jié)構(gòu),通過對(duì)2D伺服閥的靜態(tài)特性分析,其導(dǎo)控級(jí)零位泄漏在21MPa時(shí)約為0.5L/min,建立了2D伺服閥伺服螺旋機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過線性和非線性仿真分析了工作壓力、初始弓高、面積梯度等對(duì)頻率特性和階躍響應(yīng)特性的影響,理論分析表明圓孔型導(dǎo)控結(jié)構(gòu)在-3dB幅值衰減下的頻響約250Hz,而滿弓型則達(dá)到800Hz,實(shí)測滿弓型階躍響應(yīng)時(shí)間約1.6ms,圓孔型約3ms,證明了滿弓型結(jié)構(gòu)較圓孔型的動(dòng)態(tài)特性有顯著提高,為研制高頻、大流量2D伺服閥奠定基礎(chǔ)。 4.為解決液壓缸活塞的高速緩沖,提出活塞式液壓缸緩沖結(jié)構(gòu),理論分析表明活塞初始間隙對(duì)緩沖腔峰值壓力影響最為顯著,建立了活塞式緩沖結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,通過仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了活塞式緩沖過程的動(dòng)態(tài)特性,其能夠在60mm緩沖行程內(nèi)將活塞速度由7m/s降至0.6m/s以下,分析了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)緩沖性能的影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步提出了兩級(jí)緩沖和組合緩沖,并探討了超高速液壓缸的結(jié)構(gòu)方案。 5.建立了由蓄能器—開關(guān)閥—液壓缸組合的高速液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)的工作過程的數(shù)學(xué)模型,利用MATLAB軟件仿真分析了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和工作參數(shù)對(duì)彈射機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響,并搭建了樣機(jī)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),表明彈射機(jī)構(gòu)在8MPa工作壓力下,l00ms時(shí)間內(nèi),將150kg負(fù)載加速至8m/s且活塞初始20mm位移時(shí)的速度達(dá)到2.0m/s以上。 6.對(duì)雙缸閉環(huán)液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了分析,利用閉環(huán)液壓彈射機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)學(xué)模型研究了雙缸同步開環(huán)控制特性,并通過建立近似的線性化傳遞函數(shù),研究了雙缸同步閉環(huán)控制特性,理論上,閉環(huán)階躍響應(yīng)時(shí)間約為50ms。
[Abstract]:Quick release ejection mechanism using system stored energy to achieve the object of the instantaneous acceleration of ejection, widely used in modern military and ordinary industries, such as aircraft catapult take-off, missile ejection, ejection seat, car crash test. According to the dynamic elements, ejection mechanism is mainly divided into mechanical type, gas type, compressed air, steam, electromagnetic and hydraulic, hydraulic ejection mechanism which has the power to weight ratio, fast response speed, high control accuracy, easy realization of buffer, lower noise, has attracted much attention in the application of high performance hydraulic ejection mechanism is moving at a high speed. As the main hydraulic cylinder piston the characteristics, key technical problems including high power transient energy supply, high speed hydraulic sealing and cushioning element, the ejection control valve and pilot stage high frequency servo valve with high speed and large flow Research and development shows that hydraulic ejection mechanism is a high-speed and high-power hydraulic system. With the development of high speed, high power and low noise, hydraulic devices will have extensive application prospects for the above key technologies.
Firstly, the development status of the hydraulic ejection mechanism and related applications are summarized and analyzed, discussed the high speed hydraulic cylinder and high frequency response, research status of large flow servo valve, on the basis of the hydraulic ejection mechanism and the key control elements - high frequency, large flow servo valve 2D to carry out the research, the main research contents and results the following:
1. for specific applications, mainly put forward the following several hydraulic ejection mechanism is a principle scheme of low speed hydraulic ejection mechanism, the hydraulic cylinder piston piston maximum speed of 8m/s, acceleration time is about 70ms, and carries on the improvement design; two is the high speed hydraulic ejection mechanism, design index for the piston stroke 20mm initial speed of 2m/s above, the maximum speed reached 15m/s; three is the synchronous ejection mechanism of double hydraulic cylinders, synchronous pop-up two hydraulic cylinders, a maximum speed of 6m/s; and ultra high speed hydraulic ejection mechanism, the corresponding piston speed is more than 20m/s. The high speed hydraulic ejection mechanism as an example, discusses the design and calculation of the structure parameters of ejection mechanism.
The 2. is to solve the contradiction between high speed and large flow valve flow and the response speed of the proposed scheme of double orifice valve in parallel output, zero leakage, valve flow characteristics and pressure characteristics of the theoretical analysis and experimental research, the 2MPa import and export under pressure flow reached 3000L/mmin, set up the mathematical model of valve spool movement process, analyzes the influence of structure parameters on the dynamic characteristics, and build an experimental prototype verification in 10MPa work under pressure, the valve opening time is lower than 15ms and the structure scheme of the sieve valve.
3. in order to improve the response and flow, 2D servo valve hole will guide control structure into Mangong type structure, the static characteristics of 2D servo valve is analyzed, the pilot stage zero leakage at 21MPa is about 0.5L/min, established the mathematical model of 2D servo valve servo screw mechanism, through the linear and nonlinear simulation analysis of the working pressure, initial bow high gradient area, step response of the frequency and order, the theoretical analysis shows that the frequency response of circular type pilot structure in -3dB amplitude attenuation under about 250Hz, while the full bow is up to 800Hz, the measured full bow step response time is about 1.6ms, round about 3MS, that significantly improve the dynamic characteristic of the full bow type structure with round groove, lay the foundation for the development of high frequency, high flow 2D servo valve.
4. for high speed buffer solution of the hydraulic cylinder piston, piston type hydraulic cylinder buffer structure is proposed, the theoretical analysis shows that the effect of initial clearance of piston buffer cavity peak pressure is the most significant, established a dynamic model of piston type buffer structure, dynamic characteristics of piston buffer are studied through simulation and experiment, it can travel in the 60mm buffer the piston speed from 7m/s to 0.6m/s, analyzed the influence of structure parameters on the performance of the buffer, on this basis, further puts forward the two level buffer and buffer, and discusses the ultra high speed hydraulic cylinder structure scheme.
5. to establish a mathematical model for the working process of high speed hydraulic ejection mechanism for valve - hydraulic cylinder by the combination of the storage, analysis the influence of structure parameters and operating parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the ejection mechanism by MATLAB software simulation, and built a prototype experiment shows that the ejection mechanism in 8MPa under the working pressure, l00ms time 150kg, 8m/s and the initial load acceleration to 20mm displacement speed when the piston reaches above 2.0m/s.
6. of double closed-loop hydraulic ejection mechanism and its key technologies are analyzed, on the double cylinder synchronous open loop control based on the characteristics of mathematical model of closed loop hydraulic ejection mechanism, and through the establishment of a linear transfer function approximation, the double cylinder synchronous closed-loop control characteristics, theory, closed-loop step response time is about 50ms.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TH137

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