本文關(guān)鍵詞：旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械軸承振動(dòng)信號(hào)分析方法研究　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 峭度圖 魯棒性譜峭度系數(shù) 小波包分解 定向循環(huán)平穩(wěn)統(tǒng)計(jì)量 測試診斷系統(tǒng)

【摘要】：軸承作為旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械中廣泛使用的關(guān)鍵零部件之一，其運(yùn)行狀態(tài)直接關(guān)系整臺(tái)機(jī)械設(shè)備的工作性能，開展基于振動(dòng)信號(hào)分析的軸承狀態(tài)監(jiān)測與故障診斷的相關(guān)研究并及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別故障萌發(fā)與演變，對確保設(shè)備平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行、減少甚至避免重大安全事故具有相當(dāng)重要的意義。本課題以滾動(dòng)軸承及滑動(dòng)軸承故障振動(dòng)信號(hào)為研究對象，針對滾動(dòng)軸承故障信號(hào)易受噪聲干擾的影響拓展并豐富了峭度圖理論在振動(dòng)信號(hào)降噪以及故障特征提取中的應(yīng)用，并基于定向循環(huán)平穩(wěn)分析理論研究了滑動(dòng)軸承在油膜失穩(wěn)狀態(tài)下的故障信號(hào)特征，，最后開發(fā)了虛擬式旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械軸承測試診斷系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了理論創(chuàng)新成果在工程實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用。本文的具體研究內(nèi)容介紹如下： 本文首先介紹了峭度圖理論中涉及的峭度統(tǒng)計(jì)理論、譜峭度系數(shù)等數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，并詳細(xì)闡述了傳統(tǒng)峭度圖算法以及基于COT的階比峭度圖算法在故障信號(hào)降噪和最優(yōu)解調(diào)頻帶參數(shù)確定方面的優(yōu)勢。針對傳統(tǒng)四階矩累積量譜峭度系數(shù)易受信號(hào)奇異點(diǎn)影響而不能真實(shí)估計(jì)信號(hào)峰態(tài)程度水平的問題，定義了Moors譜峭度、Hogg譜峭度以及Crow-Siddiqui譜峭度等三種魯棒性譜峭度系數(shù)，并提出了能消除信號(hào)奇異點(diǎn)干擾的魯棒性峭度圖算法。滾動(dòng)軸承仿真及實(shí)測故障信號(hào)分析結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了魯棒性峭度圖與傳統(tǒng)峭度圖相比，能顯著提高濾波效果并增強(qiáng)原始信號(hào)中的故障瞬態(tài)沖擊特征。 傳統(tǒng)的基于STFT、FIR濾波器以及第一代小波包變換的峭度圖算法中存在時(shí)頻分辨率取舍、運(yùn)算效率以及小波函數(shù)庫有限等缺點(diǎn)，本文提出了基于尺度自適應(yīng)冗余提升小波包變換的峭度圖算法，通過基于原始信號(hào)本身構(gòu)造更新器和預(yù)測器來實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)分解與重構(gòu)的自適應(yīng)功能，有效地提高了峭度圖算法的自適應(yīng)特性以及濾波后故障信號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確性。隨后利用時(shí)間尺度分解進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)了峭度圖濾波后信號(hào)的瞬態(tài)沖擊故障特征，并將基于固有時(shí)間尺度分解的Hilbert譜作為包絡(luò)解調(diào)分析的有益補(bǔ)充，通過與Hilbert-Huang變換的對比驗(yàn)證了其在表征故障信號(hào)時(shí)頻能量信息分布中的優(yōu)越性。 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械振動(dòng)信號(hào)往往呈現(xiàn)循環(huán)平穩(wěn)特性，本文將機(jī)械故障診斷領(lǐng)域中用于分析單通道實(shí)信號(hào)的循環(huán)平穩(wěn)統(tǒng)計(jì)量理論進(jìn)行了拓展，定義了能用于分析雙通道融合復(fù)信號(hào)的低階定向循環(huán)平穩(wěn)統(tǒng)計(jì)量并提取出了滑動(dòng)軸承油膜失穩(wěn)故障信號(hào)中周期性時(shí)變特征以及轉(zhuǎn)子振動(dòng)狀態(tài)信息等。通過對比分析揭示了傳統(tǒng)全譜分析以及定向Wigner分布與定向循環(huán)統(tǒng)計(jì)量之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，即全譜分析實(shí)質(zhì)上就是一階定向循環(huán)平穩(wěn)統(tǒng)計(jì)量（定向循環(huán)均值），而定向Wigner分布實(shí)質(zhì)上屬于二階定向循環(huán)統(tǒng)計(jì)量（定向循環(huán)譜相關(guān)函數(shù)）。此外試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分別對比分析了加速度振動(dòng)信號(hào)與位移振動(dòng)信號(hào)中所包含系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)狀態(tài)信息。 根據(jù)軸承振動(dòng)監(jiān)測需求分析，基于NI Labview平臺(tái)開發(fā)了軸承振動(dòng)信號(hào)測試、分析與特征提取于一體的虛擬式旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械軸承測試系統(tǒng)，為取得的理論創(chuàng)新成果在工程實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用提供了強(qiáng)有力的支持。文章最后對全文工作及主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，并展望了后續(xù)的研究方向。
[Abstract]:The bearing is one of the key parts widely used in rotary machinery . The running state of the bearing is directly related to the working performance of the whole mechanical equipment , the research on the bearing state monitoring and fault diagnosis based on the vibration signal analysis is carried out , and the fault signal characteristics of the sliding bearing under the unstable state of the oil film are analyzed . In this paper , we first introduce the mathematical base of the theory , the coefficient of the spectrum , and so on , which are involved in the theory of Kurtosis graph , and give a detailed description of the advantages of the traditional Kurtosis graph algorithm and the optimal demodulation frequency band parameter determination based on the first order - rate graph algorithm . The robustness of the Moors ' spectrum , Hogg ' s spectrum and the degree of the degree of the optimal demodulation band are defined . The simulation of the rolling bearing and the analysis of the measured fault signal show that the robustness - ness graph can obviously improve the filtering effect and enhance the fault transient impact characteristics in the original signal . The traditional STFT , FIR filter and the first generation wavelet packet transform have the disadvantages of time - frequency resolution acquisition , operation efficiency and limited wavelet function library . Based on the original signal itself , the adaptive function of signal decomposition and reconstruction is proposed . By using time - scale decomposition , the transient impact fault characteristics of the signal are enhanced . The Hilbert spectrum decomposed by the inherent time scale is used as the beneficial complement of the envelope demodulation analysis . By comparison with Hilbert - Huang transform , the superiority of this algorithm in characterizing the frequency energy information distribution of the fault signal is verified . In this paper , the theory of cyclic stationary statistics for the analysis of single channel real signals is expanded in the field of mechanical fault diagnosis , and the relationship between the periodic time - varying feature and the rotor vibration state information is defined in the field of mechanical fault diagnosis . According to the analysis of bearing vibration monitoring demand , the test system of bearing vibration signal is developed based on NI Labview platform , and the virtual rotary mechanical bearing test system is developed , which provides powerful support for the application of the theoretical innovation results in engineering practice . Finally , the paper summarizes the whole work and the main innovation points , and looks forward to the future research direction .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.3;TH165.3

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