【摘要】：虛擬化技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)改變了管理計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)、存儲(chǔ)以及應(yīng)用程序的方式，它提供了共享物理資源的能力，使得物理資源能夠在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)被多個(gè)不同的虛擬機(jī)使用，消除了操作系統(tǒng)對(duì)物理硬件的依賴性。隨著云計(jì)算的興起，云環(huán)境下的資源管理成為人們研究的熱點(diǎn)，而虛擬化技術(shù)作為云計(jì)算中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)日益顯示出其資源管理方面的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)。然而，在利用虛擬化技術(shù)進(jìn)行資源管理時(shí)也遇到了一些挑戰(zhàn)，其中的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)就是多虛擬機(jī)之間資源分配的公平性。有效合理的虛擬機(jī)資源分配是虛擬化及云計(jì)算環(huán)境下系統(tǒng)性能及服務(wù)質(zhì)量保證的關(guān)鍵。 在虛擬化環(huán)境中當(dāng)多個(gè)虛擬機(jī)共存于同一物理機(jī)時(shí)，由于物理資源的有限性，可能會(huì)發(fā)生激烈的資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。傳統(tǒng)虛擬機(jī)資源分配通常沒(méi)有考慮這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)給系統(tǒng)造成的影響，而是按照物理資源數(shù)量進(jìn)行均值分配或者系統(tǒng)對(duì)資源的峰值需求來(lái)進(jìn)行分配。這些分配方式?jīng)]有考慮到各虛擬機(jī)自身的負(fù)載情況，往往會(huì)造成資源的浪費(fèi)。本文針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究，運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中博弈論的思想提出了基于懲罰機(jī)制的CPU競(jìng)拍模型和基于市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的內(nèi)存預(yù)測(cè)分配模型。本文針對(duì)Xen虛擬化平臺(tái)主要做了如下幾個(gè)方面的工作： 本文首先系統(tǒng)介紹了虛擬機(jī)以及虛擬化的相關(guān)技術(shù)，詳細(xì)闡述了虛擬化技術(shù)的分類，并且簡(jiǎn)要介紹了每種虛擬化技術(shù)的主要產(chǎn)品以及這些產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，而且還對(duì)這五種虛擬化技術(shù)進(jìn)行了比較。然后重點(diǎn)分析了半虛擬化產(chǎn)品Xen的資源管理的特點(diǎn)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上將博弈論的思想引入到Xen虛擬資源分配中，分別提出了CPU和內(nèi)存的博弈分配方案。 在Xen中，CPU資源一旦分配給某一虛擬機(jī)即可投入使用，針對(duì)這一特征，本文提出了基于激勵(lì)懲罰機(jī)制的博弈競(jìng)拍模型。在這個(gè)模型中，本文選取應(yīng)用程序的響應(yīng)時(shí)間和CPU利用率作為系統(tǒng)的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，并且采用博弈競(jìng)拍的思想探討了CPU分配與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)這些指標(biāo)的影響關(guān)系，然后利用合作博弈的NASH均衡進(jìn)行求解多虛擬機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)資源分配問(wèn)題。為驗(yàn)證這種方案的有效性，我們通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)模型的穩(wěn)定性和公平性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證，通過(guò)對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)采用博弈控制之后比單純的平均分配資源更能實(shí)現(xiàn)按需分配資源，提高資源利用率，這樣才能真正體現(xiàn)資源的公平分配。 在Xen虛擬平臺(tái)下，內(nèi)存資源通過(guò)Ballooning機(jī)制分配給虛擬機(jī)，有著比較嚴(yán)重的延遲效應(yīng)。針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，本文提出了基于市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的內(nèi)存預(yù)測(cè)分配模型。該模型中，首先我們采用基于馬爾科夫鏈殘差GM(1,1)灰色預(yù)測(cè)模型來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)一段時(shí)間虛擬機(jī)的內(nèi)存使用量，然后虛擬機(jī)管理器根據(jù)這些預(yù)測(cè)值，按照虛擬機(jī)擁有的股份按比例地分配與回收內(nèi)存資源。最后通過(guò)系統(tǒng)仿真發(fā)現(xiàn)這一模型能夠提高物理內(nèi)存在虛擬操作系統(tǒng)中的利用率，實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)存的按需分配。 本文提出的虛擬資源分配方案是面向大規(guī)模服務(wù)器集群的，具有一般性，可以推廣到網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬、I/O已經(jīng)其他計(jì)算資源方面的分配與管理工作。
[Abstract]:the advent of virtualization technologies has changed the way in which computer operating systems, storage, and applications are managed, providing the ability to share physical resources so that physical resources can be used by multiple different virtual machines at the same time, the dependency of the operating system on the physical hardware is eliminated. With the rise of cloud computing, resource management in cloud environment becomes the hot spot of people's research, while virtualization technology as the key technology in cloud computing is showing its unique advantages in resource management. However, some challenges have been encountered in managing resource management with virtualization technologies, one of which is the fairness of resource allocation between multiple virtual machines. Effective and reasonable resource allocation is the key to system performance and service quality assurance in virtualized and cloud computing environments. When multiple virtual machines coexist in the same physical machine in a virtualized environment, intense resources may occur due to the physical resources of the physical resource Competition. Traditional virtual machine resource allocation usually does not take into account the impact of this competition on the system, but rather the mean distribution according to the physical resource quantity or the peak demand of the system. Assignment. These allocations do not take into account the load situation of each virtual machine itself, which often results in resources In this paper, the paper studies the problem and put forward the CPU model based on penalty mechanism and the allocation of memory prediction based on market mechanism by using the idea of game theory in economics. Model. This paper focuses on the following aspects of Xen virtualization platform: Work: This article first introduces the virtual machine and the related technologies of virtualization, and explains the virtualization in detail The technical classification, and briefly introduces the main products of each virtualization technology as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these products, and also provides the five virtualization technologies Then, the characteristics of the resource management of the semi-virtualized product Xen are analyzed, and then the idea of game theory is introduced into the Xen virtual resource allocation, and the CPU and the memory are respectively put forward. In Xen, once the CPU resources are allocated to a certain virtual machine, it can be put into use. In view of this feature, this paper proposes an incentive-based penalty machine. In this model, the response time and CPU utilization rate of the application program are chosen as the evaluation index of the system, and the CPU allocation and competition are discussed with the idea of game theory. Using NASH equilibrium of cooperative game to solve multi-virtual machine In order to verify the validity of this scheme, we validate the stability and fairness of the model by experiment. Through the comparison, we find that it is more effective to realize the allocation of resources according to need than the simple sharing resources after game control. and improve the utilization rate of the resources so that the real body can be obtained. under the Xen virtual platform, the memory resources are distributed to the virtual machine through the Ballooning mechanism, There is a serious delay effect. In view of this problem, this paper puts forward a market based on the market In this model, firstly we use the Markov chain residual GM (1,1) gray prediction model to predict the memory usage of the virtual machine in the future, and then the virtual machine manager according to these predicted values, according to the proportion of the shares owned by the virtual machine. Finally, the system simulation shows that this model can improve the utilization of virtual operating system in physics. The virtual resource allocation scheme proposed in this paper is a large-scale server cluster, it has generality, can be extended to network bandwidth, I/ O is already othe
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TP302

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