本文選題：集群 + 高可用性�。� 參考：《北京郵電大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：計算機技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展使得商業(yè)和社會機構(gòu)對日常操作的計算機化要求達到了空前的程度。這些企業(yè),組織,團體的服務(wù)器發(fā)生任何的宕機都會造成嚴重的損失,甚至很可能造成整個商業(yè)運作的癱瘓�；谝陨显�,高可用技術(shù)應(yīng)運而生。高可用系統(tǒng)的主要目的就是保證商業(yè)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的連續(xù),高可靠,提高用戶體驗,為企業(yè)提供技術(shù)層的高競爭力。 本文主要的研究內(nèi)容是為分布式集群系統(tǒng)下的服務(wù)提供一種穩(wěn)定,高可靠的系統(tǒng)解決方案,論文中分析了實現(xiàn)高可用系統(tǒng)的要點問題,并對高可用系統(tǒng)進行了需求分析。論文參閱了大量高可用相關(guān)資料,對前人實現(xiàn)的高可用系統(tǒng)進行綜述,分析其優(yōu)缺點,同時對高可用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進行了深入分析和研究,在吸取前人高可用架構(gòu)優(yōu)點的基礎(chǔ)上,對基于服務(wù)和大數(shù)據(jù)的高可用系統(tǒng)進行了概要設(shè)計。并對高可用各系統(tǒng)模塊進行了詳細設(shè)計。對服務(wù)器調(diào)度模塊,數(shù)據(jù)同步部分以及守護進程模塊等進行了編碼實現(xiàn),并針對高可用系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵組件heartbeat和雙機熱備進行了實驗室環(huán)境下的模擬測試。 高可用系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用了先進成熟的技術(shù)方案,著重闡述了心跳控制,以及數(shù)據(jù)存儲方案的原理以及應(yīng)用方法。在前人的基礎(chǔ)上將兩者融合。 本文的主要工作如下： 1.前人工作綜述中,概括歸納了前人設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)的高可用系統(tǒng),分析了各系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵模塊,并指出系統(tǒng)中的優(yōu)缺點。 2.對高可用的概念,以及設(shè)計要點進行了研究和論述,對實現(xiàn)基于服務(wù)和大數(shù)據(jù)的高可用系統(tǒng)進行了需求分析。提出了設(shè)計高可用系統(tǒng)時應(yīng)注意的幾點要求。 3.對高可用系統(tǒng)的整體架構(gòu)進行了設(shè)計,將系統(tǒng)服務(wù)和數(shù)據(jù)存儲部分分離,并給出了具體的設(shè)計組圖,對系統(tǒng)中各模塊的工作原理進行了闡述。 4.對高可用系統(tǒng)的兩大模塊：數(shù)據(jù)高可用和服務(wù)高可用模塊進行了詳細設(shè)計,并給出各部分的設(shè)計組圖。數(shù)據(jù)高可用模塊采用主備模式部署,使用heartbeat心跳組件監(jiān)控主備狀態(tài),實現(xiàn)雙機切換。由一個數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器管理多個實際提供服務(wù)的服務(wù)器,通過應(yīng)用層自定義協(xié)議保證數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器和實際服務(wù)器的通信。實際服務(wù)器上設(shè)置守護進程保證本服務(wù)器服務(wù)停止時可立即啟動。 5.數(shù)據(jù)高可用的詳細設(shè)計主要是通過mysql的二進制日志實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器主備節(jié)點數(shù)據(jù)的異步復(fù)制,通過crontab在數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器主備節(jié)點定時執(zhí)行日志截取,發(fā)送和導入數(shù)據(jù)庫操作實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的遠程災(zāi)備。 6.對系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵模塊heartbeat心跳控制和數(shù)據(jù)庫雙機熱備進行了配置和實驗室環(huán)境的測試,驗證了系統(tǒng)的高可用性。 本文的主要創(chuàng)新在于：采用兩種高可用架構(gòu)相結(jié)合的方式,將數(shù)據(jù)存儲和服務(wù)分離。存儲服務(wù)器采用多節(jié)點部署,一節(jié)點一備份的方式保證數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器的高可用性,實際服務(wù)器采用多機同時運行的模式。通過應(yīng)用層自定義協(xié)議保證兩種服務(wù)器間的通信,實現(xiàn)任務(wù)調(diào)度模塊,存儲服務(wù)器每次接受客戶端請求后實時查詢各實際服務(wù)器狀態(tài),實時分配查詢服務(wù)器地址,保證服務(wù)的高可用性。
[Abstract]:The continuous development of computer technology has made commercial and social institutions unprecedented to the computerized requirements of daily operations . These enterprises , organizations , groups of servers take place any downtime can cause serious losses , and may even lead to the paralysis of the whole business operation . Based on the above reasons , the high availability technology is born . The main purpose of the high - availability system is to guarantee the continuity , the high reliability and the user experience of the commercial system service , and provide the enterprise with the high competitiveness of the technical layer .

The main research content is to provide a stable , highly reliable system solution for the service under the distributed cluster system . The paper analyzes the key points of the high available system and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the high - availability system . At the same time , the paper designs the high - availability system based on service and large data .

The advanced mature technical scheme is applied in the highly available system , and the principle of heartbeat control and the data storage scheme and the application method are emphatically expounded . The two methods are integrated on the basis of the previous person .

The main work of this paper is as follows :

1 . In the summary of the work of the former , the high - availability system designed and realized by the previous person is summarized , the key modules of each system are analyzed , and the advantages and disadvantages in the system are pointed out .

2 . The concept of high availability and the key points of design are studied and discussed , and the demand analysis of high available system based on service and large data is carried out . Several requirements that should be paid attention to when designing high - availability system are put forward .

3 . The overall architecture of the high available system is designed , the system service and the data storage part are separated , and the detailed design group diagram is given , and the working principle of each module in the system is expounded .

4 . Two modules of high available system : data high available and service high available module are designed in detail , and the design group diagram of each part is given . The data high available module is deployed in master and standby mode . The heartbeat module is used to monitor the master and standby state , and the communication between the data server and the actual server is ensured through the application layer custom protocol . The daemon process is set up on the actual server to ensure that the server can be started immediately when the server service is stopped .

5 . The detailed design of data high availability is mainly to realize asynchronous replication of the main backup node data of the data server through the binary log of mysql , and perform log interception , send and import database operation to realize remote disaster recovery of the data through the crontab .

6 . The key module heartbeat control and database double - machine hot standby of the system are configured and tested in the laboratory environment , and the high - availability of the system is verified .

The main innovation of this paper is that the data storage and the service separation are separated by the combination of two high available architectures . The storage server uses multi - node deployment , one node backup mode to guarantee the high availability of the data server , the actual server adopts the multi - machine simultaneous operation mode . Through the application layer custom protocol , the communication between the two servers is ensured , the task scheduling module is realized , the storage server queries each actual server state in real time after receiving the client request , and distributes the query server address in real time to ensure the high availability of the service .

【學位授予單位】：北京郵電大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP338.8

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