數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架可靠性關鍵技術研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-29 07:05
【摘要】：隨著科學技術的迅猛發(fā)展和國內(nèi)制造行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)升級,國內(nèi)數(shù)控機床市場逐步向高端化發(fā)展,中高檔數(shù)控機床所占的比重連年上升。然而,由于國產(chǎn)數(shù)控機床的可靠性與國外先進水平存在較大差距,使得我國中高檔機床大量依賴進口,這嚴重阻礙了我國制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。造成國產(chǎn)數(shù)控機床整體可靠性低的主要原因之一是其關鍵功能部件可靠性低。數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架作為數(shù)控車床的關鍵功能部件之一,其可靠性高低直接影響到機床整機的可靠性狀況,刀架發(fā)生故障必然導致機床加工中斷甚至停機。因此對數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的可靠性進行系統(tǒng)的研究十分迫切。論文結(jié)合國家科技重大專項,以某系列數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架為研究對象,對其可靠性關鍵技術進行了深入系統(tǒng)的研究,研究成果對提高數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的可靠性具有重要的指導意義。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:①依據(jù)數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架產(chǎn)品結(jié)構和工作原理對其進行子系統(tǒng)劃分,得到數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架可靠性模型;分析數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架可靠性分配的影響因素,綜合考慮多領域?qū)＜业闹R,利用模糊層次分析法對數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架進行可靠性分配,得到可靠性分配指標,并與相似產(chǎn)品的故障部位頻率做比較,驗證分配指標的合理性。②首先采用結(jié)構分析和設計技術(Structured Analysis and Design Technique,SADT)對數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架進行功能分析,將產(chǎn)品功能動作分解到元動作級,針對各元動作制定裝配控制點和詳細的裝配可靠性控制措施,建立起數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架可靠性驅(qū)動的裝配工藝方案;然后將功能分析的SADT模型轉(zhuǎn)化為對應的廣義隨機Petri網(wǎng)(GSPN)模型,使其具有動態(tài)分析與定量研究功能,再通過同構的Markov鏈對模型進行定量分析;為了獲得準確的分析模型,利用灰色理論中的區(qū)間灰數(shù)對GSPN的變遷平均激發(fā)率進行處理;針對數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架裝配過程的可靠性特征,用裝配可靠度指標對其進行評價;最后利用該模型對某系列數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架進行實例分析,并提出控制改進措施,提高數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架裝配可靠性水平。③研究數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架與主機適應性技術,包含數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架安裝在車床上的螺釘組聯(lián)接可靠性和刀架與數(shù)控系統(tǒng)控制匹配兩大內(nèi)容。針對螺釘組聯(lián)接可靠性,首先分析數(shù)控車床的工作狀態(tài),確定切削力的大小和方向,然后結(jié)合刀架固定在車床上的螺釘組聯(lián)接方案分析螺釘組的受力情況,計算螺釘組的預緊力范圍,并以此為依據(jù)做螺釘擰緊試驗,最終確定擰緊工藝方案;針對數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架與數(shù)控系統(tǒng)控制匹配問題,首先確定雙向換刀邏輯的實現(xiàn)方式,編制換刀操作流程圖,給出刀架控制模塊與數(shù)控系統(tǒng)連接的接口線路圖,然后設計高效的PLC程序,最后分析刀架換刀過程的常見故障,針對常見故障設計相應的PLC報警程序和處理程序。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology and the industrial upgrading of domestic manufacturing industry, the domestic CNC machine tool market is gradually developing to the high end, and the proportion of middle and high grade CNC machine tools is increasing year by year. However, due to the big gap between the reliability of domestic CNC machine tools and the advanced level of foreign countries, China relies heavily on imports of medium and high grade machine tools, which seriously hinders the development of China's manufacturing industry. One of the main reasons for the low overall reliability of domestic CNC machine tools is the low reliability of its key functional components. As one of the key functional components of NC lathe, the reliability of NC turret tool holder directly affects the reliability of the whole machine tool, and the failure of the tool holder will inevitably lead to the interruption or even shutdown of machine tool processing. Therefore, it is very urgent to systematically study the reliability of NC turret tool holder. Combined with the major national science and technology project, this paper takes a series of CNC turretower tool holder as the research object, and makes a deep and systematic study on its reliability key technology. the research results have important guiding significance for improving the reliability of NC turretower tool holder. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) according to the product structure and working principle of NC turretower tool holder, the subsystem is divided, and the reliability model of NC turretower tool holder is obtained. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of reliability distribution of NC turretower tool holder, comprehensively considers the knowledge of multi-domain experts, and uses fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to distribute the reliability of NC turretower tool holder, and obtains the reliability distribution index, and compares it with the frequency of fault position of similar products to verify the rationality of the allocation index. 2 firstly, the function of NC turretower tool holder is analyzed by using structure analysis and design technology (Structured Analysis and Design Technique,SADT). The functional action of the product is decomposed into the meta-action level, and the assembly control points and detailed assembly reliability control measures are worked out for each element action, and the assembly process scheme of the reliability drive of the NC turretower tool holder is established. Then the SADT model of functional analysis is transformed into the corresponding generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) model, which has the function of dynamic analysis and quantitative research, and then the model is quantitatively analyzed by isomorphism Markov chain. In order to obtain the accurate analysis model, the interval grey number in grey theory is used to deal with the average excitation rate of GSPN. According to the reliability characteristics of NC turret tool holder assembly process, the assembly reliability index is used to evaluate it. Finally, the model is used to analyze a series of NC turret tool holder, and the control improvement measures are put forward to improve the assembly reliability level of NC turretower tool holder. 3 the adaptability technology between NC turretower tool holder and host computer is studied, including the connection reliability of screw group installed on lathe and the control matching between NC turretower tool holder and NC system. According to the reliability of screw group connection, the working state of NC lathe is analyzed, the size and direction of cutting force are determined, then the force of screw group is analyzed according to the connection scheme of screw group fixed on lathe, the pre-tightening force range of screw group is calculated, and the screw tightening test is carried out on this basis, and finally the tightening process scheme is determined. In order to solve the problem of matching between NC turret tool holder and NC system control, firstly, the realization mode of bidirectional tool changing logic is determined, the flow chart of tool changing operation is compiled, the interface circuit diagram between tool holder control module and NC system is given, and then an efficient PLC program is designed. Finally, the common faults of tool holder change process are analyzed, and the corresponding PLC alarm program and processing program are designed for common faults.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG659
本文編號：2507641
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology and the industrial upgrading of domestic manufacturing industry, the domestic CNC machine tool market is gradually developing to the high end, and the proportion of middle and high grade CNC machine tools is increasing year by year. However, due to the big gap between the reliability of domestic CNC machine tools and the advanced level of foreign countries, China relies heavily on imports of medium and high grade machine tools, which seriously hinders the development of China's manufacturing industry. One of the main reasons for the low overall reliability of domestic CNC machine tools is the low reliability of its key functional components. As one of the key functional components of NC lathe, the reliability of NC turret tool holder directly affects the reliability of the whole machine tool, and the failure of the tool holder will inevitably lead to the interruption or even shutdown of machine tool processing. Therefore, it is very urgent to systematically study the reliability of NC turret tool holder. Combined with the major national science and technology project, this paper takes a series of CNC turretower tool holder as the research object, and makes a deep and systematic study on its reliability key technology. the research results have important guiding significance for improving the reliability of NC turretower tool holder. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) according to the product structure and working principle of NC turretower tool holder, the subsystem is divided, and the reliability model of NC turretower tool holder is obtained. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of reliability distribution of NC turretower tool holder, comprehensively considers the knowledge of multi-domain experts, and uses fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to distribute the reliability of NC turretower tool holder, and obtains the reliability distribution index, and compares it with the frequency of fault position of similar products to verify the rationality of the allocation index. 2 firstly, the function of NC turretower tool holder is analyzed by using structure analysis and design technology (Structured Analysis and Design Technique,SADT). The functional action of the product is decomposed into the meta-action level, and the assembly control points and detailed assembly reliability control measures are worked out for each element action, and the assembly process scheme of the reliability drive of the NC turretower tool holder is established. Then the SADT model of functional analysis is transformed into the corresponding generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) model, which has the function of dynamic analysis and quantitative research, and then the model is quantitatively analyzed by isomorphism Markov chain. In order to obtain the accurate analysis model, the interval grey number in grey theory is used to deal with the average excitation rate of GSPN. According to the reliability characteristics of NC turret tool holder assembly process, the assembly reliability index is used to evaluate it. Finally, the model is used to analyze a series of NC turret tool holder, and the control improvement measures are put forward to improve the assembly reliability level of NC turretower tool holder. 3 the adaptability technology between NC turretower tool holder and host computer is studied, including the connection reliability of screw group installed on lathe and the control matching between NC turretower tool holder and NC system. According to the reliability of screw group connection, the working state of NC lathe is analyzed, the size and direction of cutting force are determined, then the force of screw group is analyzed according to the connection scheme of screw group fixed on lathe, the pre-tightening force range of screw group is calculated, and the screw tightening test is carried out on this basis, and finally the tightening process scheme is determined. In order to solve the problem of matching between NC turret tool holder and NC system control, firstly, the realization mode of bidirectional tool changing logic is determined, the flow chart of tool changing operation is compiled, the interface circuit diagram between tool holder control module and NC system is given, and then an efficient PLC program is designed. Finally, the common faults of tool holder change process are analyzed, and the corresponding PLC alarm program and processing program are designed for common faults.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG659
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