【摘要】：CoCrMo合金是最常見的醫(yī)用金屬材料之一,其可加工能力強、性能良好,在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。近年來,隨著增材制造技術(shù)(Additive Manufacturing,AM)的發(fā)展,個性化的制造進程加快,而激光選區(qū)熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)是金屬增材制造領(lǐng)域的代表性技術(shù),能夠直接快速成型具有復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)、高性能、高精度的功能零件,為CoCrMo合金在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的個性化直接制造提供基礎(chǔ)。本文以符合ASTMF75標準的CoCrMo合金粉末作為實驗材料,通過激光選區(qū)熔化技術(shù)直接成型,對成型工藝及成型件性能進行基礎(chǔ)研究與分析。主要內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面:(1)在成型工藝方面,對SLM成型中的關(guān)鍵問題進行分析研究,在此基礎(chǔ)上對CoCrMo合金進行工藝優(yōu)化,選取激光功率、掃描速度、掃描間距三個重要因素進行實驗分析。通過正交試驗與響應(yīng)曲面分析方法對成型因素之間的交互作用進行研究,獲得優(yōu)化的參數(shù)組合,可以使成型致密度在98%以上。觀察SLM成型CoCrMo合金的顯微組織并測試相關(guān)成分,成型件在常溫下主要存在一種相,顯微組織致密,熔道特征明顯。成型后樣件的元素含量變化較小,符合ASTMF75標準要求。(2)在成型質(zhì)量方面,通過優(yōu)化的工藝參數(shù)成型CoCrMo合金樣件,從成型樣件的表面精度、尺寸精度及缺陷檢測等多個方面進行研究。SLM成型CoCrMo合金的表面粗糙度約為20μm,且可以通過不同的后處理工藝進行改善。由于受成型機理的影響,實際中成型尺寸和形狀會產(chǎn)生誤差,但誤差偏移率均在1%以下。通過探傷檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)成型件表面及內(nèi)部無裂紋、夾雜等缺陷,成型質(zhì)量要優(yōu)于鑄造件。(3)在成型性能方面,對成型件的機械性能、耐腐蝕性能、殘余應(yīng)力等多個方面進行實驗測試,全面地分析SLM成型CoCrMo合金的性能。可以得到,SLM直接成型CoCrMo合金的強度和耐腐蝕性均優(yōu)于鑄造件,但韌性較差,成型中存在應(yīng)力分布不均的現(xiàn)象。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對CoCrMo合金的相圖進行分析探討,制定合理的熱處理實驗方案,通過不同的熱處理條件改善SLM成型CoCrMo合金的性能,保證成型件的綜合性能滿足ASTMF75標準要求。通過本文的研究,能夠為SLM成型CoCrMo合金在醫(yī)學(xué)植入體領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用提供依據(jù),對CoCrMo的個性化直接制造具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:CoCrMo alloy is one of the most common medical metal materials, which has strong machinability and good properties, and has a broad application prospect in the field of medicine. In recent years, with the development of material increasing manufacturing technology (Additive Manufacturing,AM), the personalized manufacturing process is accelerated, and laser selective melting (Selective Laser Melting,SLM) is a representative technology in the field of metal material increasing manufacturing, which can directly rapid prototyping functional parts with complex structure, high performance and high precision, which provides the basis for personalized direct manufacturing of CoCrMo alloy in the field of medicine. In this paper, the CoCrMo alloy powder in accordance with ASTMF75 standard is used as the experimental material, and the forming process and the properties of the forming parts are studied and analyzed by laser selective melting technology. The main contents are as follows: (1) in the aspect of molding process, the key problems in SLM molding are analyzed and studied. on this basis, the process optimization of CoCrMo alloy is carried out, and three important factors, laser power, scanning speed and scanning spacing, are selected for experimental analysis. The interaction between molding factors is studied by orthogonal test and response surface analysis, and the optimized parameter combination is obtained, which can make the molding density more than 98%. The microstructure of CoCrMo alloy formed by SLM was observed and the related components were tested. there was a phase in the molding parts at room temperature, the microstructure was dense and the melting channel characteristics were obvious. The change of element content of CoCrMo alloy after molding is small, which meets the requirements of ASTMF75 standard. (2) in the aspect of molding quality, the surface roughness of CoCrMo alloy is about 20 渭 m, which can be improved by different post-treatment processes, and the surface accuracy, dimension accuracy and defect detection of SLM alloy are studied from the aspects of surface accuracy, dimensional accuracy and defect detection. Due to the influence of molding mechanism, the size and shape of molding will produce errors, but the error offset is less than 1%. Through flaw detection, it is found that there are no cracks and inclusions in the surface and interior of the molded parts, and the molding quality is better than that of the castings. (3) in the aspect of molding properties, the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and residual stress of the molded parts are tested, and the properties of CoCrMo alloy formed by SLM are analyzed comprehensively. It can be obtained that the strength and corrosion resistance of CoCrMo alloy directly formed by SLM are better than those of castings, but the toughness is poor, and there is an uneven stress distribution in the molding. On this basis, the phase diagram of CoCrMo alloy is analyzed and discussed, and a reasonable heat treatment experimental scheme is worked out. The properties of CoCrMo alloy formed by SLM are improved through different heat treatment conditions, and the comprehensive properties of molding parts meet the requirements of ASTMF75 standard. Through the research in this paper, it can provide the basis for the application of SLM formed CoCrMo alloy in the field of medical implantation, and it is of great significance for the personalized direct manufacture of CoCrMo.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG665

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