Cr12MoV鋼真空淬火過程研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-11 19:56
【摘要】：隨著近年來國家工業(yè)發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)型,由生產(chǎn)代加工逐步向自主研發(fā)制造轉(zhuǎn)變,熱處理作為提升零部件機械性能的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)也日益被國內(nèi)各大機械零件加工使用廠商所重視。然而,在一些工業(yè)發(fā)達國家早就制定出了他們的熱處理技術(shù)發(fā)展路線圖,其中對降低能耗、縮短工藝時間、降低生產(chǎn)成本都有指標性的規(guī)劃。在美國制定的熱處理技術(shù)發(fā)展路線圖中提到,到2020年要實現(xiàn)熱處理零件零畸變和質(zhì)量分散最低,這樣的要求對熱處理行業(yè)的發(fā)展是激勵也同樣是挑戰(zhàn)。真空熱處理技術(shù)作為當下先進的整體熱處理技術(shù),擁有無氧化、少畸變、無污染等優(yōu)點,是實現(xiàn)熱處理技術(shù)發(fā)展路線圖目標的重要技術(shù)之一;冷處理技術(shù)同樣具有低能耗、無污染、降低成本的優(yōu)點,也是實現(xiàn)路線圖目標的重要技術(shù)之一。本文將以冷作模具常用材料Cr12MoV為基礎(chǔ)重點研究這兩項技術(shù),為生產(chǎn)實踐提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。真空淬火在實際生產(chǎn)中常見的方式有真空油淬和高壓氣淬,真空水淬使用較少。本文研究了真空油淬及高壓氣淬兩種淬火方式的淬火過程及材料淬火后的組織性能。運用實際測溫、計算機數(shù)值模擬的方法比較淬火過程的差異;通過觀察比較各組試驗試樣的金相照片、掃描電鏡照片、X射線衍射結(jié)果、顯微硬度,分析兩種淬火方式下Cr12MoV鋼組織性能的差異。依據(jù)分析結(jié)果得到的結(jié)論是:經(jīng)兩種淬火方式處理后,Cr12MoV鋼的組織均為馬氏體+碳化物+殘余奧氏體;淬火后較淬火前硬度提高顯著;經(jīng)高壓氣淬方式處理的工件外觀形貌更好更有利于降低人工操作成本。本文將真空油淬、回火、冷處理三種工藝進行組合,根據(jù)Cr12MoV鋼的特性制定了多種工藝方案。通過觀察比較各組試驗試樣的金相照片、掃描電鏡照片、X射線衍射結(jié)果、顯微硬度、磨損失量、磨損掃描電鏡照片,分析各個工藝方案對材料組織性能的影響。其中含有冷處理的工藝方案,試樣在處理后強度硬度和耐磨性都要優(yōu)于其他工藝方案。比較兩組含冷處理的工藝方案,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)淬火后直接冷處理+回火2次試樣的強度硬度更好,而淬火后回火1次+冷處理+回火1次試樣的耐磨性更好。依此結(jié)論,在實際生產(chǎn)中可根據(jù)待處理零件的性能要求進行工藝方案選擇。本文還對高壓氣淬、回火、冷處理三種工藝進行組合,制定多種工藝方案。實驗方法和結(jié)果分析與真空油淬實驗一致。最終得到結(jié)論,經(jīng)過冷處理的試樣在強度硬度和耐磨性上都要優(yōu)于沒有冷處理的試樣;淬火后直接冷處理和淬火后回火1次再冷處理對材料硬度強度的影響差異不大;淬火后回火1次再冷處理的試樣耐磨性比淬火后直接冷處理的試樣要好。本課題研究將理論與生產(chǎn)實踐相結(jié)合,整個研究過程深入生產(chǎn)企業(yè),對于生產(chǎn)工藝的選擇有重要意義,具有一定的實際應用參考價值。
[Abstract]:With the transformation of national industrial development in recent years, heat treatment, as the key technology to improve the mechanical properties of parts and components, has been paid more and more attention by domestic manufacturers. However, in some industrial developed countries, their heat treatment technology development road map has long been drawn up, in which there are indicative plans for reducing energy consumption, shortening process time and reducing production costs. It is mentioned in the road map of heat treatment technology development in the United States that zero distortion and mass dispersion of heat treatment parts should be minimized by 2020, which is also a challenge to the development of heat treatment industry. Vacuum heat treatment technology, as an advanced integral heat treatment technology, has the advantages of no oxidation, less distortion, no pollution and so on. It is one of the important technologies to realize the development road map of heat treatment technology. Cold treatment technology also has the advantages of low energy consumption, no pollution and low cost. It is also one of the important technologies to achieve the road map goal. This paper will focus on the research of these two technologies based on the common material Cr12MoV of cold working die, and provide data support for production practice. The common ways of vacuum quenching in practical production are vacuum oil quenching and high pressure gas quenching, and the use of vacuum water quenching is less. In this paper, the quenching process of vacuum oil quenching and high pressure gas quenching and the microstructure and properties of the materials after quenching have been studied. The difference of quenching process is compared by using the method of actual temperature measurement and computer numerical simulation. The microstructure and properties of Cr12MoV steel were analyzed by observing and comparing the metallographic photographs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results and microhardness. According to the analysis results, it is concluded that the microstructure of Cr12MoV steel is martensitic carbide retained austenite after being treated by two quenching methods, and the hardness after quenching is significantly higher than that before quenching. The appearance of the workpiece treated by high pressure gas quenching is better and more beneficial to reduce the manual operation cost. In this paper, vacuum oil quenching, tempering and cold treatment are combined, and a variety of process schemes are worked out according to the characteristics of Cr12MoV steel. By observing and comparing the metallographic photographs, scanning electron microscope photographs, X-ray diffraction results, microhardness, wear loss and wear scanning electron microscope photos, the effects of each process scheme on the microstructure and properties of the materials were analyzed. There are cold treatment schemes, and the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the samples are better than those of other processing schemes. By comparing the two groups of cold treatment schemes, it can be found that the strength and hardness of the secondary samples after quenching are better, while the wear resistance of the samples after quenching and tempering for the first time is better. According to this conclusion, the process scheme can be selected according to the performance requirements of the parts to be processed in practical production. In this paper, three processes of high pressure gas quenching, tempering and cold treatment are combined, and a variety of process schemes are worked out. The experimental method and result analysis are consistent with the vacuum oil quenching experiment. Finally, it is concluded that the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the cold treated samples are better than those of the samples without cold treatment, and the effect of direct cooling treatment after quenching and tempering once after quenching on the hardness strength of the materials is not significant. The wear resistance of the sample tempered once after quenching is better than that of the sample treated directly after quenching. This research combines the theory with the production practice, and the whole research process goes deep into the production enterprise, which is of great significance for the selection of the production technology, and has certain practical application reference value.
【學位授予單位】：中原工學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG156.3;TG142.1
本文編號：2474804
[Abstract]:With the transformation of national industrial development in recent years, heat treatment, as the key technology to improve the mechanical properties of parts and components, has been paid more and more attention by domestic manufacturers. However, in some industrial developed countries, their heat treatment technology development road map has long been drawn up, in which there are indicative plans for reducing energy consumption, shortening process time and reducing production costs. It is mentioned in the road map of heat treatment technology development in the United States that zero distortion and mass dispersion of heat treatment parts should be minimized by 2020, which is also a challenge to the development of heat treatment industry. Vacuum heat treatment technology, as an advanced integral heat treatment technology, has the advantages of no oxidation, less distortion, no pollution and so on. It is one of the important technologies to realize the development road map of heat treatment technology. Cold treatment technology also has the advantages of low energy consumption, no pollution and low cost. It is also one of the important technologies to achieve the road map goal. This paper will focus on the research of these two technologies based on the common material Cr12MoV of cold working die, and provide data support for production practice. The common ways of vacuum quenching in practical production are vacuum oil quenching and high pressure gas quenching, and the use of vacuum water quenching is less. In this paper, the quenching process of vacuum oil quenching and high pressure gas quenching and the microstructure and properties of the materials after quenching have been studied. The difference of quenching process is compared by using the method of actual temperature measurement and computer numerical simulation. The microstructure and properties of Cr12MoV steel were analyzed by observing and comparing the metallographic photographs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results and microhardness. According to the analysis results, it is concluded that the microstructure of Cr12MoV steel is martensitic carbide retained austenite after being treated by two quenching methods, and the hardness after quenching is significantly higher than that before quenching. The appearance of the workpiece treated by high pressure gas quenching is better and more beneficial to reduce the manual operation cost. In this paper, vacuum oil quenching, tempering and cold treatment are combined, and a variety of process schemes are worked out according to the characteristics of Cr12MoV steel. By observing and comparing the metallographic photographs, scanning electron microscope photographs, X-ray diffraction results, microhardness, wear loss and wear scanning electron microscope photos, the effects of each process scheme on the microstructure and properties of the materials were analyzed. There are cold treatment schemes, and the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the samples are better than those of other processing schemes. By comparing the two groups of cold treatment schemes, it can be found that the strength and hardness of the secondary samples after quenching are better, while the wear resistance of the samples after quenching and tempering for the first time is better. According to this conclusion, the process scheme can be selected according to the performance requirements of the parts to be processed in practical production. In this paper, three processes of high pressure gas quenching, tempering and cold treatment are combined, and a variety of process schemes are worked out. The experimental method and result analysis are consistent with the vacuum oil quenching experiment. Finally, it is concluded that the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the cold treated samples are better than those of the samples without cold treatment, and the effect of direct cooling treatment after quenching and tempering once after quenching on the hardness strength of the materials is not significant. The wear resistance of the sample tempered once after quenching is better than that of the sample treated directly after quenching. This research combines the theory with the production practice, and the whole research process goes deep into the production enterprise, which is of great significance for the selection of the production technology, and has certain practical application reference value.
【學位授予單位】：中原工學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG156.3;TG142.1
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