【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,人們對(duì)數(shù)控車床軸系精度的要求越來越高,因此為了滿足不斷增長的高精度要求,要找到經(jīng)濟(jì)合理、技術(shù)可行的解決方案。針對(duì)提高數(shù)控車床主軸回轉(zhuǎn)精度的問題,本文提出在采用的靜壓氣體軸承上引入主動(dòng)磁軸承,利用靜壓氣體軸承作為主要承載元件,磁軸承作為輔助元件來修正主軸的回轉(zhuǎn)誤差。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)具有回轉(zhuǎn)精度高、承載力大、剛度大及可控性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本文中數(shù)控車床的主軸系統(tǒng)包括兩個(gè)靜壓氣體軸承和兩個(gè)主動(dòng)磁軸承、一個(gè)止推軸承。首先對(duì)靜壓氣體軸承和磁軸承進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)和參數(shù)的確定；通過對(duì)主軸系統(tǒng)的研究分析,對(duì)靜壓氣體軸承進(jìn)行靜特性分析、磁軸承進(jìn)行電磁力分析以及建立并分析系統(tǒng)單自由度和五自由度動(dòng)力學(xué)模型；然后對(duì)主軸回轉(zhuǎn)誤差進(jìn)行測(cè)量并進(jìn)行去諧波分離,得出精確的回轉(zhuǎn)誤差圖像；最后對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)：該系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)帶有反饋的閉合系統(tǒng),在主軸的前后端分別安裝三個(gè)電渦流位移傳感器,采集到的數(shù)值作為系統(tǒng)的輸入,該數(shù)值經(jīng)過A/D變換,轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號(hào)傳入作為硬件CPU的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(DSP)中,得到磁軸承的控制律,把信號(hào)經(jīng)D/A轉(zhuǎn)換加載到磁軸承上,修正主軸的回轉(zhuǎn)誤差。本文采用模糊自整定PID控制方法,針對(duì)系統(tǒng)的控制要求搭建系統(tǒng)仿真的平臺(tái),通過仿真驗(yàn)證在模糊自適應(yīng)PID控制作用下主軸的回轉(zhuǎn)精度能否得到大幅度的提高,驗(yàn)證控制系統(tǒng)的可行性與實(shí)用性,達(dá)到提高主軸回轉(zhuǎn)精度的目的。設(shè)計(jì)基于TMS320LF2407A DSP的數(shù)控車床靜壓氣體軸承軸系的控制系統(tǒng),并對(duì)系統(tǒng)中的硬件部分和軟件部分進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the accuracy of CNC lathe shafting becomes more and more demanding. Therefore, in order to meet the increasing requirement of high precision, it is necessary to find an economical, reasonable and technically feasible solution. In order to improve the rotary accuracy of the spindle of CNC lathe, this paper presents the introduction of active magnetic bearing on the hydrostatic gas bearing used, and the use of the hydrostatic gas bearing as the main bearing element. The magnetic bearing is used as an auxiliary element to correct the rotation error of the spindle. This kind of structure has the advantages of high rotation precision, large bearing capacity, large stiffness and good controllability. The spindle system of CNC lathe consists of two hydrostatic gas bearings, two active magnetic bearings and one thrust bearing. Firstly, the structure design and parameter determination of hydrostatic gas bearing and magnetic bearing are carried out. Through the study and analysis of the spindle system, the static characteristics of the hydrostatic gas bearing, the electromagnetic force of the magnetic bearing and the dynamic models of the single degree of freedom and five degrees of freedom of the system are established and analyzed. Then the rotation error of the spindle is measured and the harmonic removal is carried out to obtain the accurate image of the rotation error. Finally, the control system is designed: the system is a closed system with feedback. Three eddy current displacement sensors are installed on the front and back ends of the spindle, and the collected values are used as the input of the system. The digital signal is transferred into the digital signal processor (DSP), which is used as the hardware CPU. The control law of the magnetic bearing is obtained, and the signal is loaded into the magnetic bearing through the D / A conversion to correct the rotation error of the spindle. In this paper, the fuzzy self-tuning PID control method is used to build the system simulation platform according to the control requirements of the system. The simulation verifies whether the rotation accuracy of the spindle can be greatly improved under the action of fuzzy adaptive PID control. The feasibility and practicability of the control system are verified to improve the precision of spindle rotation. The control system of hydrostatic gas bearing shafting of NC lathe based on TMS320LF2407A DSP is designed, and the hardware and software parts of the system are designed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG519.1

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本文編號(hào)：2465880