【摘要】：當今社會塑料材料已經(jīng)廣泛用于經(jīng)濟生活的各個領(lǐng)域,從生活用品到尖端科學領(lǐng)域都有塑料的身影,而塑料被制成各種形狀零件與其他材料配合使用,由于塑料本身加工工藝、零件設(shè)計、工作環(huán)境限制等方面的原因,很多具有復雜結(jié)構(gòu)的產(chǎn)品,不能一次加工成型,而通過焊接方法可以把多個零部件無縫連接到一起,形成一個完整的零件,所以塑料與塑料,塑料與其他材料的連接技術(shù)有十分重要的價值對于熱塑性的塑料焊接工藝得到了越來越廣泛的應用,塑料焊接是永久性連接塑料部件的有效方法。感應焊接的可焊性范圍之廣涵蓋了全系列工程塑料及難以用其它方法焊接的高分子或高填充復合物。隨著高強度塑料使用量在各個行業(yè)的顯著增長,比如汽車制造業(yè)、包裝行業(yè)、醫(yī)療設(shè)備制造業(yè)等。感應焊接正成為塑料連接方法至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。本文主要采用ABS塑料和6082鋁合金進行實驗,在塑料與塑料的焊接中制成尺寸150mm×40mm×2mm的板件,在塑料與鋁合金的焊接中制成尺寸150mm×30mm×2mm的板件,在型號為LK-25的感應焊機上進行塑料與塑料、塑料與鋁板搭接方式的焊接。整個感應焊接過程用時少,加熱速度快,在壓力作用下熔融態(tài)塑料可以在連接界面上得到良好鋪展形成接頭。搭接接頭處光滑均勻,沒有溝槽,飛邊極少,上下板材連接緊密,沒有氣孔、焊穿、感應物滑移等缺陷。采用正交優(yōu)化設(shè)計,以搭接接頭抗拉剪強度為主要標準研究焊接參數(shù)對其力學性能的影響,主要的影響因素有加熱溫度、加熱時間、保溫電流、保溫時間以及壓力。并得出了最優(yōu)組合參數(shù):在壓力相同的情況下塑料與塑料焊接的最優(yōu)參數(shù)為加熱電流800A,加熱時間10s,保溫電流300A,最大抗拉剪力載荷為2.70k N。塑料與鋁的最優(yōu)參數(shù)熱電流900A,加熱時間7s,保溫時間2s,最大抗拉剪力載荷為1.02k N。利用掃描電子顯微鏡分析搭接接頭,在塑料與塑料的焊接過程中,在感應熱、傳導熱以及壓力的共同作用下,塑料板與感應物之間除了機械連接外,還在連接界面上發(fā)生了浸潤現(xiàn)象,形成了再固化層。充當感應物的鋁合金板邊緣被塑料粘附。在塑料和鋁的焊接過程中塑料板與鋁合金板的連接界面上除了機械連接外,還在連接界面上發(fā)生了浸潤現(xiàn)象,形成了再固化層,碳元素與鋁元素在再固化層中有少部分的擴散現(xiàn)象。對搭接接頭處的塑料利用紅外光譜分析發(fā)現(xiàn)在連接界面處,生成了新的化學基團。塑料與塑料的搭接接頭的斷裂方式有三種,在熱影響區(qū)斷裂的情況較多,接頭強度高于塑料板的強度。遠離焊縫處斷裂的情況較少。第三種斷開方式直接在搭接位置,這是參數(shù)選擇問題,應當避免這種形式出現(xiàn)。塑料與鋁的搭接接頭的斷裂方式有兩種,在熱影響區(qū)斷裂的情況,說明接頭強度高于塑料板的強度。第二種斷開方式直接在搭接位置。
[Abstract]:Plastic materials have been widely used in various fields of economic life in today's society, from household supplies to cutting-edge science, and plastics are made into parts of various shapes and used in conjunction with other materials, due to the processing technology of the plastics itself. For reasons such as part design, work environment restriction and so on, many products with complex structure can not be machined and formed at a time, but by welding method, many parts can be seamlessly connected together to form a complete part. Therefore, plastics and plastics, plastic and other materials connection technology has a very important value for thermoplastic plastic welding technology has been more and more widely used, plastic welding is an effective way to permanently connect plastic parts. The wide range of weldability of induction welding covers a full range of engineering plastics and polymer or high filling compounds that are difficult to weld by other methods. With the use of high-strength plastics in various industries, such as automotive, packaging, medical equipment manufacturing and so on. Induction welding is becoming a crucial part of plastic bonding methods. In this paper, ABS plastic and 6082 aluminum alloy are used to experiment, and the plate of size 150mm 脳 40mm 脳 2mm is made in the welding of plastic and plastic, and the plate of size 150mm 脳 30mm 脳 2mm is made in the welding of plastic and aluminum alloy. Type LK-25 induction welding machine for plastic and plastic, plastic and aluminum plate lap welding. The whole induction welding process takes less time and the heating speed is fast. The melt plastic can be well spread to form the joint on the interface under the action of pressure. Lap joints are smooth and uniform, there are no grooves, few flying edges, tight connections between the upper and lower plates, no holes, weld penetration, inductor slip and other defects. Orthogonal optimization design was used to study the influence of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of lap joints with tensile shear strength as the main criterion. The main influencing factors were heating temperature, heating time, holding current, holding time and pressure. At the same pressure, the optimal parameters for welding of plastics and plastics are: heating current 800A, heating time 10s, holding current 300A, maximum tensile shear load 2.70kN, and the optimal combination parameters are as follows: heating current 800A, heating time 10s, holding current 300A, maximum tensile shear load 2.70kN. The optimum parameters of plastics and aluminum are 900A, heating time 7s, holding time 2s, maximum tensile shear load 1.02kN. A scanning electron microscope is used to analyze the lap joints. In the process of welding between plastics and plastics, under the combined action of induced heat, conduction heat and pressure, the connection between the plastic plate and the inductor is in addition to the mechanical connection. There is also a phenomenon of infiltration on the interface, forming a resolidified layer. The edge of the aluminum alloy plate acting as an inductor is attached to the plastic. In the process of welding between plastic and aluminum, the interface between plastic plate and aluminum alloy plate is not only mechanically connected, but also infiltrated on the joint interface, forming a resolidified layer. There are a few diffusion phenomena between carbon and aluminum in resolidified layer. A new chemical group was found at the interface by infrared spectrum analysis of the plastics at the lap joint. There are three kinds of fracture modes of the lap joint between plastics and plastics, and the strength of the joint is higher than that of the plastic plate. The fracture away from the weld seam is less common. The third way of disconnecting is directly in the lap position, which is a parameter selection problem and should be avoided. There are two kinds of fracture modes for the lap joint of plastic and aluminum. The strength of the joint is higher than that of the plastic plate when the joint is broken in the hot sound region. The second way to disconnect is directly in the lap position.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TG44;TQ325.2

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