【摘要】：單面焊作為一種高效的焊接技術(shù),廣泛應(yīng)用于橋梁、船舶、壓力容器和各種大型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)備的制造。與雙面焊相比,它能夠顯著提高生產(chǎn)效率、改善工作環(huán)境、降低工人的勞動強度,提高焊接質(zhì)量,具有十分顯著的經(jīng)濟和社會效益。目前,我國尤其唐山地區(qū),小型壓力容器焊接方法主要是CO2氣體保護焊,其優(yōu)點為生產(chǎn)率高、焊接變形小、高性價比、易操作。但是CO2氣體保護焊還存在許多不足,例如焊縫光滑度差、飛濺大、易產(chǎn)生氣孔等問題,很難實現(xiàn)單面焊雙面成形。保護氣體的成分和配比直接影響電弧焊接特性,決定焊縫成形、焊接工藝穩(wěn)定性及接頭性能。混合氣體保護焊(MAG)消除了CO2氣體保護焊的諸多缺點,改善了焊縫質(zhì)量,易于實現(xiàn)單面焊雙面成形。本文針對目前小型壓力容器行業(yè)焊接實際情況,從MAG單面焊雙面成形基本理論入手,分析了保護氣體與小型壓力容器焊接工藝穩(wěn)定性、焊縫成形、焊縫力學(xué)性能的關(guān)系;進行了陶瓷襯墊MAG單面焊雙面成形試驗研究;通過CO2氣體保護焊與MAG焊的成本比較,分析了壓力容器MAG單面焊雙面成形工藝的現(xiàn)實可行性。最后應(yīng)用陶瓷襯墊MAG單面焊雙面成形工藝小批量生產(chǎn)了小型壓力容器。實際應(yīng)用表明,采用陶瓷襯墊富氬混合氣(20%CO2+80%Ar)的焊接小型壓力容器,經(jīng)過工藝評定,焊縫成型美觀、無咬邊、氣孔等缺陷,經(jīng)拉伸試驗、彎曲試驗、沖擊試驗、外觀及射線檢測均達到使用要求。本文為小型壓力容器單面焊雙面成形工藝改進提供了可靠的技術(shù)保證。陶瓷襯墊富氬MAG焊用于小型壓力容器的焊接加工,焊接接頭綜合性能優(yōu)于二氧化碳氣體保護焊,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:As an efficient welding technology, one-sided welding is widely used in the manufacture of bridges, ships, pressure vessels and various large steel structures and equipment. Compared with double-sided welding, it can significantly improve the production efficiency, improve the working environment, reduce the labor intensity of workers, and improve the welding quality, which has remarkable economic and social benefits. At present, in our country, especially in Tangshan area, the main welding method of small pressure vessel is CO2 gas shielded welding, which has the advantages of high productivity, small welding deformation, high price-to-performance ratio and easy operation. However, there are still many shortcomings in CO2 gas shielded welding, such as poor smoothness of welding seam, large spatter, easy to produce porosity and so on. It is difficult to realize the double-sided forming of one-sided welding. The composition and proportion of shielded gas directly affect the characteristics of arc welding, determine the weld forming, welding process stability and joint performance. Mixed gas shielded welding (MAG) eliminates many disadvantages of CO2 gas shielded welding, improves weld quality, and is easy to realize one-sided welding and double-sided forming. According to the actual situation of welding in small pressure vessel industry, this paper analyzes the relationship between shielded gas and welding process stability, weld forming and weld mechanical properties of small pressure vessel based on the basic theory of MAG one-sided welding and double-sided forming. The two-sided forming test of ceramic liner MAG single-side welding was carried out, and the feasibility of MAG single-side welding double-sided forming process of pressure vessel was analyzed by comparing the cost of CO2 gas shielded welding and MAG welding. Finally, small pressure vessels were produced in small batches by ceramic liner MAG single-side welding and double-side forming process. The practical application shows that the welded small pressure vessel with ceramic gasket and rich argon mixture (20%CO2 80%Ar) has been evaluated by process evaluation, the weld is beautiful in shape, has no defects such as edge biting and porosity, the tensile test, bending test and impact test are carried out, and the results are as follows: 1. Appearance and X-ray detection meet the requirements of use. This paper provides a reliable technical guarantee for the improvement of single-side welding and double-side forming process of small pressure vessels. Argon-rich MAG welding with ceramic liner is better than CO _ 2 gas shielded welding in welding process of small pressure vessel, which is worth popularizing and applying.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG457.5

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