納米多晶金屬的彈性和熱力學性質(zhì)研究
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials refer to materials with grain size between 1-100nm. Nanomaterials are becoming a new type of materials and are widely used in various fields. Nanometallic materials have attracted much attention due to their special properties different from coarse grains, such as their increasing hardness, yield stress, super toughness, large diffusion coefficient compared with coarse grains, excellent wear resistance and so on. Compared with coarse crystals, the Young's modulus of nanocrystalline materials decreases and the heat capacity of nanocrystalline materials increases. Understanding the elastic and thermodynamic properties of nanocrystalline metals is helpful to enhance the application value of nanocrystalline materials in various fields. This paper mainly consists of two parts. Firstly, the samples of nanocrystalline aluminum and copper with different grain sizes are constructed by Voronoi geometry method, and the initial structure is relaxed to reduce the high stress and high energy caused by large angle grain boundary. The changes of system structure, average energy and average internal stress in each process were monitored during the relaxation process, and the variation trends of different grain samples in the same relaxation process were compared and analyzed. The structure diagram of the initial structure and the relaxed sample is drawn. It is found that the proportion of the grain boundary atoms has changed and finally the stable structure has been obtained. Secondly, the cold energy curves of nanocrystalline polycrystalline and single crystal are compared by classical molecular dynamics simulation method, and the effect of grain size on elastic constants and some thermodynamic parameters of nanocrystalline aluminum and copper are calculated and analyzed. The corresponding cold energy curves are drawn by applying small tensile or compression strain to the system, and compared with the corresponding single crystal curves, it is found that the figure shape is basically the same, and the slight difference may be caused by the grain boundary. The feasibility of the simulation method is illustrated. The constant pressure molecular dynamics method is used to calculate the elastic constants. When the grain size is smaller than 10nm, it is found that the hardness of the system softens with the decrease of the size, which coincides with the inverse Hall-Petch effect. The tensile strength of the sample becomes more difficult with the increase of grain size, and the compression degree becomes relatively easy. According to the relationship between thermodynamic parameters and independent elastic constants, the thermodynamic values such as shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, Debye temperature and so on are obtained, which makes us know more about the resistance to deformation, plastic deformation, rigidity and ductility of nano-materials with small grain size. Through the detailed analysis of the elastic and thermodynamic properties of nanocrystalline metal with small particle size, it can make people fully understand the micro-nano materials and provide a strong guarantee for the better application of nanocrystalline materials.
【學位授予單位】:山西大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:TG111;TB383.1
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