X80管線鋼的塑性增強(qiáng)機(jī)制的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-10-20 19:06
【摘要】:隨著石油、天然氣長距離輸送管線向極地、海洋和地質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定地區(qū)的延伸,為了保證管線的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,不僅要求X80管線鋼具有高強(qiáng)度和高韌性,還要求其具有優(yōu)良的抗大變形能力。雖然通過晶粒細(xì)化大大提高了X80管線鋼的強(qiáng)度和韌性,但同時(shí)也導(dǎo)致了X80管線鋼塑性變形能力的下降,這給管線的安全運(yùn)行帶來了隱患,因此,亟需增強(qiáng)X80管線鋼的塑性,對(duì)X80管線鋼的塑性增強(qiáng)機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究。 根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)材料學(xué)理論,細(xì)化晶?梢酝瑫r(shí)提高材料的強(qiáng)度和塑性,然而大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)卻表明,當(dāng)晶粒尺寸細(xì)化到一定程度時(shí),細(xì)化晶粒不但不能改善鋼的塑性,反而會(huì)使其迅速惡化。目前,對(duì)于這個(gè)所謂的“一定程度”的晶粒尺寸尚缺乏相應(yīng)的定量計(jì)算模型。本論文以經(jīng)典的位錯(cuò)塞積理論為基礎(chǔ),建立了給定應(yīng)力條件下,材料的宏觀塑性變形量和晶粒尺寸關(guān)系的模型,提出了一種臨界晶粒尺寸的計(jì)算方法。根根該模型的分析表明,晶粒尺寸對(duì)宏觀塑性變形量產(chǎn)生影響的主要因素包括:晶粒尺寸對(duì)單個(gè)晶粒中位錯(cuò)塞積數(shù)目的影響、晶粒尺寸對(duì)位錯(cuò)滑移距離的影響、晶粒尺寸對(duì)多晶體材料中位錯(cuò)源的可開動(dòng)概率的影響。晶粒尺寸小于臨界晶粒尺寸后,繼續(xù)細(xì)化晶粒導(dǎo)致塑性變形量迅速下降的主要物理機(jī)制是晶粒尺寸小于臨界晶粒尺寸后,多晶體材料整體體系內(nèi)可開動(dòng)的位錯(cuò)源概率變得極低,可動(dòng)位錯(cuò)嚴(yán)重不足,從而導(dǎo)致材料的塑性變形量迅速降低。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以材料斷裂時(shí)的塑性伸長率為衡量材料塑性性能的參量,根據(jù)材料的斷裂強(qiáng)度與晶粒尺寸關(guān)系的模型,建立多晶體材料的塑性伸長率和晶粒尺寸的關(guān)系模型。該模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,多晶體材料的塑性伸長率隨著晶粒尺寸的減小先增加后迅速降低,計(jì)算得到材料的塑性伸長率由隨晶粒細(xì)化增加轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡S晶粒細(xì)化減小的臨界晶粒尺寸約為2.5μm,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果較好地驗(yàn)證了該模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果。臨界晶粒尺寸的提出為通過細(xì)化晶粒的方法來提高材料的強(qiáng)度和塑性提供了理論依據(jù)和參考范圍。 目前,工業(yè)上主要通過多相結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的方法來增強(qiáng)X80管線鋼的塑性,但是并未獲得十分理想的強(qiáng)度、韌性和塑性配合。為了提高多相結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)X80管線鋼的塑性,獲得更加理想的綜合力學(xué)性能,需要加強(qiáng)對(duì)多相結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)管線鋼的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和力學(xué)性能關(guān)系以及影響因素的理解。本論文對(duì)4種工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的X80抗大變形管線鋼的組織、拉伸力學(xué)性能、加工硬化行為和織構(gòu)進(jìn)行了測試和分析。分析表明,通過合理組織設(shè)計(jì)的貝氏體/鐵素體兩相結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的管線鋼比多相結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的管線鋼具有更加優(yōu)異的強(qiáng)度和塑性配合。鐵素體的體積分?jǐn)?shù)、鐵素體晶粒尺寸和兩階段的加工硬化指數(shù)對(duì)管線鋼的強(qiáng)度和塑性具有重要的影響,尤其是過分細(xì)小的鐵素體晶粒尺寸是導(dǎo)致管線鋼的塑性顯著降低的重要原因之一。 為了系統(tǒng)地分析鐵素體體積分?jǐn)?shù)和鐵素體晶粒尺寸對(duì)雙相組織強(qiáng)度、均勻伸長率和屈強(qiáng)比的影響規(guī)律,為貝氏體/鐵素體雙相結(jié)構(gòu)管線鋼的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù),本論文從微觀變形機(jī)制出發(fā),建立適用于貝氏體/鐵素體雙相結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的管線鋼的塑性變形模型。模型分析結(jié)果表明,增加鐵素體體積分?jǐn)?shù)有利于降低管線鋼的屈強(qiáng)比,提高鐵素體晶粒尺寸是增加管線鋼均勻伸長率的有效途徑。根據(jù)該模型進(jìn)行反向計(jì)算,可以獲得兼顧應(yīng)力設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則和應(yīng)變?cè)O(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則的貝氏體/鐵素體雙相微觀結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)X80管線鋼的可選組織參數(shù)范圍,為開發(fā)具有高強(qiáng)度和良好塑性變形能力的X80抗大變形管線鋼提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the extension of petroleum and natural gas long-distance transportation pipeline to polar, ocean and geological unstable regions, in order to ensure safe and stable operation of pipeline, it not only requires X80 pipeline steel to have high strength and high toughness, but also requires its excellent anti-deformation capability. while the strength and toughness of the X80 pipeline steel are greatly improved through grain refinement, the reduction of the plastic deformation capacity of the X80 pipeline steel is also caused, and the safety operation of the pipeline is hidden trouble, therefore, the plasticity of the X80 pipeline steel is urgently needed, The plastic enhancement mechanism of X80 pipeline steel was studied. According to the traditional theory of material science, refined crystal grains can improve the strength and plasticity of the material at the same time, however, a large number of experiments show that, when the grain size is refined to a certain extent, the refined crystal grains can not only improve the plasticity of the steel, but instead make it rapid. Deterioration. At present, the grain size of this so-called 鈥渢o a certain extent鈥,
本文編號(hào):2284107
[Abstract]:With the extension of petroleum and natural gas long-distance transportation pipeline to polar, ocean and geological unstable regions, in order to ensure safe and stable operation of pipeline, it not only requires X80 pipeline steel to have high strength and high toughness, but also requires its excellent anti-deformation capability. while the strength and toughness of the X80 pipeline steel are greatly improved through grain refinement, the reduction of the plastic deformation capacity of the X80 pipeline steel is also caused, and the safety operation of the pipeline is hidden trouble, therefore, the plasticity of the X80 pipeline steel is urgently needed, The plastic enhancement mechanism of X80 pipeline steel was studied. According to the traditional theory of material science, refined crystal grains can improve the strength and plasticity of the material at the same time, however, a large number of experiments show that, when the grain size is refined to a certain extent, the refined crystal grains can not only improve the plasticity of the steel, but instead make it rapid. Deterioration. At present, the grain size of this so-called 鈥渢o a certain extent鈥,
本文編號(hào):2284107
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