高應(yīng)力作用下高速鋼能量吸收效應(yīng)及組織演變
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-28 07:20
【摘要】：軋輥是鋼材生產(chǎn)過程中主要的消耗部件,軋輥的好壞決定了軋鋼企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,為提高軋輥的使用壽命,軋輥材料不斷革新,含有大量高硬度高耐磨性碳化物的高速鋼已成為軋輥材料的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。高速鋼軋輥在軋制過程中直接與軋件相接觸迫使軋件產(chǎn)生塑性變形,因此受到軋件很高的軋制應(yīng)力作用,在高應(yīng)力作用下高速鋼不斷的吸收、釋放能量,必然對(duì)高速鋼的組織及性能造成一定影響。本文通過砂型鑄造的方法制備了三種用于冷軋過程中軋輥材料用的高速鋼,通過靜載荷壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)、微納米壓痕實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了高應(yīng)力作用下高速鋼宏觀能量吸收行為及高速鋼中不同碳化物與基體組織的能量吸收行為。利用XRD、SEM、TEM分析高應(yīng)力作用下能量吸收后對(duì)高速鋼組織的影響。研究成果如下:V10、W10、Mo10三種高速鋼熱處理后均為碳化物+馬氏體+殘余奧氏體的組織;V10高速鋼中碳化物為球狀MC型,W10高速鋼碳化物為魚骨狀M6C型,Mo10高速鋼碳化物為板條狀M2C型;高速鋼基體上彌散分布著大量二次析出碳化物。高速鋼中的碳化物作為強(qiáng)化相,它的種類、形狀、尺寸大小、結(jié)構(gòu)及在基體中的位置分布等因素都影響到材料的性能。V10高速鋼中MC碳化物為球狀,增大了碳化物與基體的接觸面積,結(jié)合程度好,并且MC碳化物粒徑比其它碳化物更小,分布更均勻。V10、W10、Mo10高速鋼及對(duì)比試樣Cr20在1000 MPa應(yīng)力作用下吸收的能量值都隨著應(yīng)力的增大沿二次方關(guān)系曲線形式增加;隨壓縮次數(shù)的增加,各種材料吸收的能量減少,當(dāng)材料不再能夠吸收更多能量而外在應(yīng)力繼續(xù)施加,則會(huì)產(chǎn)生變形、萌生裂紋或發(fā)生斷裂等失效。實(shí)際工況要求軋輥受到周期性的高應(yīng)力作用,W10高速鋼吸收的能量值最高,V10高速鋼與Mo10高速鋼次之,均高于Cr20吸收的能量,故三種高速鋼能夠承受更多次的循環(huán)應(yīng)力,具有更長的使用壽命。與W10、Mo10高速鋼及Cr20相比,V10高速鋼中MC型碳化物與基體在能量吸收方面具有良好的匹配性,分析認(rèn)為MC型碳化物硬度高,載荷卸載后彈性恢復(fù)大,具有良好的能量耗散能力,而基體吸收能量后誘發(fā)了馬氏體相變,基體吸收的能量被馬氏體相變過程消耗掉,V10高速鋼碳化物與基體能量吸收能力相差不大,高應(yīng)力作用下V10高速鋼吸收的能量被MC碳化物和基體吸收、耗散,能夠有效的延緩裂紋的萌生。納米蠕變性能檢測(cè)表明:V10高速鋼蠕變位移最小,V10、W10、Mo10高速鋼及Cr20中碳化物的蠕變應(yīng)變率敏感指數(shù)依次為0.01296、0.01549、0.01556、0.01937,即V10、W10、Mo10高速鋼中碳化物的蠕變應(yīng)變率敏感指數(shù)均小于Cr20,V10高速鋼中碳化物蠕變應(yīng)變率敏感指數(shù)最小,應(yīng)力作用下不易變形,更有利于在高應(yīng)力作用下長時(shí)間使用。高應(yīng)力作用下高速鋼吸收能量,誘發(fā)V10、W10、Mo10高速鋼中馬氏體相變,殘余奧氏體向馬氏體轉(zhuǎn)變過程中吸收大量能量,對(duì)裂紋的萌生及擴(kuò)展均有一定抑制作用;高速鋼中碳化物對(duì)阻礙裂紋的擴(kuò)展具有良好的作用。
[Abstract]:Roller is the main consuming part in the process of steel production. The quality of roll determines the economic benefit of steel rolling enterprises. In order to improve the service life of roll, the material of roll is innovated constantly. High speed steel containing a large number of high hardness and high wear resistance carbides has become the development trend of roll materials. High speed steel rolls are directly related to the rolls in the rolling process. Phase contact forces the rolled piece to produce plastic deformation, so the high-speed steel is subjected to high rolling stress. Under high stress, the high-speed steel continuously absorbs and releases energy, which will inevitably affect the microstructure and properties of the high-speed steel. The macroscopic energy absorption behavior of high-speed steel under high stress and the energy absorption behavior of different carbides and matrix structures in high-speed steel were studied by static compression test and micro-nanoindentation test. The effects of energy absorption on Microstructure of high-speed steel under high stress were analyzed by XRD, SEM and TEM. After heat treatment, the microstructure of HSS is carbide + martensite + retained austenite; the carbide of V10 HSS is spherical MC type, the carbide of W10 HSS is fishbone M6C type, and the carbide of Mo10 HSS is lath M2C type; the matrix of HSS is dispersed with a large number of secondary precipitated carbides. Variety, shape, size, structure and position distribution of the matrix affect the properties of the material. The MC carbide in V10 high speed steel is spherical, which enlarges the contact area between the carbide and the matrix. The bonding degree is good, and the particle size of MC carbide is smaller and more uniform than other carbides. The energy absorbed by various materials decreases with the increase of compression times. When the material can no longer absorb more energy and the external stress continues to exert, it will cause deformation, crack initiation or fracture. It is required that the roll is subjected to periodic high stress, and the energy absorbed by W10 high speed steel is the highest, followed by V10 high speed steel and Mo10 high speed steel, which are higher than that absorbed by Cr20. Therefore, the three high speed steels can withstand more cyclic stresses and have longer service life. The results show that MC carbide has high hardness and elastic recovery after unloading, and has good energy dissipation ability. The matrix absorbs energy and induces martensitic transformation. The energy absorbed by the matrix is consumed by the martensitic transformation process, and the energy absorbed by the carbide and the matrix of V10 high speed steel is consumed by the martensitic transformation process. The results of nano-creep tests show that the creep displacement of V10 high speed steel is the smallest, and the creep strain rate sensitivity index of carbide in V10, W10, Mo10 high speed steel and Cr20 is 0.01296, 0.01549, 0.01556 respectively. The creep strain rate sensitive index of carbide in V10, W10 and Mo10 high speed steel is lower than that of Cr20. The carbide creep strain rate sensitive index in V10 high speed steel is the smallest, and it is not easy to deform under stress, which is more conducive to long-term use under high stress. During the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, a large amount of energy is absorbed, which inhibits the initiation and propagation of cracks to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG142.1;TG333.17
[Abstract]:Roller is the main consuming part in the process of steel production. The quality of roll determines the economic benefit of steel rolling enterprises. In order to improve the service life of roll, the material of roll is innovated constantly. High speed steel containing a large number of high hardness and high wear resistance carbides has become the development trend of roll materials. High speed steel rolls are directly related to the rolls in the rolling process. Phase contact forces the rolled piece to produce plastic deformation, so the high-speed steel is subjected to high rolling stress. Under high stress, the high-speed steel continuously absorbs and releases energy, which will inevitably affect the microstructure and properties of the high-speed steel. The macroscopic energy absorption behavior of high-speed steel under high stress and the energy absorption behavior of different carbides and matrix structures in high-speed steel were studied by static compression test and micro-nanoindentation test. The effects of energy absorption on Microstructure of high-speed steel under high stress were analyzed by XRD, SEM and TEM. After heat treatment, the microstructure of HSS is carbide + martensite + retained austenite; the carbide of V10 HSS is spherical MC type, the carbide of W10 HSS is fishbone M6C type, and the carbide of Mo10 HSS is lath M2C type; the matrix of HSS is dispersed with a large number of secondary precipitated carbides. Variety, shape, size, structure and position distribution of the matrix affect the properties of the material. The MC carbide in V10 high speed steel is spherical, which enlarges the contact area between the carbide and the matrix. The bonding degree is good, and the particle size of MC carbide is smaller and more uniform than other carbides. The energy absorbed by various materials decreases with the increase of compression times. When the material can no longer absorb more energy and the external stress continues to exert, it will cause deformation, crack initiation or fracture. It is required that the roll is subjected to periodic high stress, and the energy absorbed by W10 high speed steel is the highest, followed by V10 high speed steel and Mo10 high speed steel, which are higher than that absorbed by Cr20. Therefore, the three high speed steels can withstand more cyclic stresses and have longer service life. The results show that MC carbide has high hardness and elastic recovery after unloading, and has good energy dissipation ability. The matrix absorbs energy and induces martensitic transformation. The energy absorbed by the matrix is consumed by the martensitic transformation process, and the energy absorbed by the carbide and the matrix of V10 high speed steel is consumed by the martensitic transformation process. The results of nano-creep tests show that the creep displacement of V10 high speed steel is the smallest, and the creep strain rate sensitivity index of carbide in V10, W10, Mo10 high speed steel and Cr20 is 0.01296, 0.01549, 0.01556 respectively. The creep strain rate sensitive index of carbide in V10, W10 and Mo10 high speed steel is lower than that of Cr20. The carbide creep strain rate sensitive index in V10 high speed steel is the smallest, and it is not easy to deform under stress, which is more conducive to long-term use under high stress. During the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, a large amount of energy is absorbed, which inhibits the initiation and propagation of cracks to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG142.1;TG333.17
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