【摘要】：隨著高速切削加工技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，高速鉆削（high speed drilling，HSD）技術(shù)也受到了廣泛關(guān)注。深孔鉆作為深孔加工關(guān)鍵裝備，在高速鉆削方面卻鮮有成果。為了滿足高速鉆削加工，需要一款在高速運(yùn)動(dòng)中保持平穩(wěn)鉆削、能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)高效排屑和高效降溫的深孔鉆。利用高速切削技術(shù)、流體知識(shí)和深孔加工技術(shù)三種技術(shù)，重新設(shè)計(jì)深孔鉆結(jié)構(gòu)，并且研究它在高速鉆削中的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。 深孔加工過(guò)程中，工件內(nèi)部空間非常狹窄。深孔鉆結(jié)構(gòu)既要保證有足夠空間留給排屑通道，又要保證在大進(jìn)給量時(shí)有足夠的剛度。經(jīng)典深孔鉆為了解決上面所提到的問(wèn)題，設(shè)計(jì)出了大小不對(duì)稱排屑通道，偏離了回轉(zhuǎn)中心。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)在高速運(yùn)動(dòng)中振動(dòng)幅度較大，導(dǎo)向條磨損嚴(yán)重,不利于高速鉆削。而在有限的空間內(nèi)，本人以剛體系統(tǒng)動(dòng)平衡為入手點(diǎn)，重新分布切削刃位置，改變排屑流道角度，開發(fā)出適用于高速鉆削的新型深孔鉆。以下是介紹本論文三個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)： （1）采用四段對(duì)稱式切削刃結(jié)構(gòu)。每個(gè)切削刃關(guān)于中心對(duì)稱，形成兩對(duì)方向相反，大小相等的力偶，產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)效果。確保新型深孔鉆靜平衡和動(dòng)平衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)高速平穩(wěn)鉆削。 （2）創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)出沖擊流道，解決經(jīng)典BTA鉆在喉部形成漩渦不利于沖刷切屑的情況。通過(guò)改變排屑流道角度，縮小喉部扇形面積，使經(jīng)典BTA鉆喉部的壓力損失系數(shù)ξ值5.1降低為2.0，有利于切削液高效排屑。 （3）新型深孔鉆模態(tài)分析。高速鉆削中存在著許多激振源。通過(guò)仿真軟件進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析出鉆體的固有頻率，避開激振源（主要是高速鉆床）頻率。 本文闡述了新型深孔鉆結(jié)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新性。并在結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度分析、排屑流道優(yōu)化和模態(tài)分析三個(gè)方面，進(jìn)行數(shù)值分析。為新型深孔鉆的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high speed cutting (HSM) technology, high-speed drilling (high speed drilling technology has been paid more and more attention. As the key equipment of deep hole drilling, deep hole drilling has little achievement in high speed drilling. In order to meet the requirement of high speed drilling, we need a deep hole drill which can keep steady drilling in high speed motion and realize high efficiency chip removal and high efficiency cooling. The structure of deep hole drilling is redesigned by using high speed cutting technology, fluid knowledge technology and deep hole machining technology, and its motion state in high speed drilling is studied. In the process of deep hole machining, the inner space of workpiece is very narrow. The deep hole drilling structure should not only keep enough space for chip-removing passage, but also ensure enough rigidity in large feed. In order to solve the problem mentioned above, the large and small asymmetric chip-discharge channel is designed, which deviates from the center of rotation. This kind of structure has a large vibration amplitude in high speed movement and serious wear of guide strip, which is not favorable to high speed drilling. In the limited space, I take the dynamic balance of rigid body system as the starting point, redistribute the cutting edge position, change the chip-discharge flow channel angle, and develop a new type of deep hole drill suitable for high speed drilling. The following are the three key points of this paper: (1) the four-segment symmetrical cutting edge structure is adopted. Each cutting edge is symmetrical in relation to the center and forms a couple of equal sizes opposite to each other, producing a rotational effect. To ensure the static balance and dynamic balance of the new type of deep hole drilling, to realize high speed and steady drilling. (2) to design a new impact channel to solve the problem that the vortex formed in the throat of the classic BTA drill is not conducive to scouring the chip. By changing the angle of the chip-draining channel and reducing the area of the throat sector, the pressure loss coefficient of the classic BTA drill throat is reduced to 2.0, which is beneficial to the efficient chip removal of cutting fluid. (3) Modal analysis of the new type of deep hole drilling. There are many exciting sources in high speed drilling. The natural frequency of drill body is analyzed by simulation software to avoid exciting source (mainly high speed drilling machine) frequency. This paper describes the innovation of the new deep hole drill structure. Numerical analysis is carried out in three aspects: structural strength analysis, chip-discharge channel optimization and modal analysis. It provides a theoretical basis for the structural optimization design of the new type of deep hole drill.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG52

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