連續(xù)輥壓成形中的曲面成形機制及成形過程設(shè)計方法研究
本文選題:連續(xù)成形 + 柔性輥; 參考:《吉林大學(xué)》2015年博士論文
【摘要】:三維曲面零件具有質(zhì)量輕、強度高、造型美觀等優(yōu)點,被廣泛的應(yīng)用于制造業(yè)的各個領(lǐng)域。隨著制造技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,三維曲面零件的需求也從大批量單一類型產(chǎn)品向小批量多樣型產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)化。模具成形精度高、一致性高是加工曲面件的重要方法,但是并不適合加工不同類型的大型曲面件,且每種零件的生產(chǎn)都需要開發(fā)相應(yīng)的模具,制造成本高昂、生產(chǎn)周期長,也不適合生產(chǎn)單件、小批量產(chǎn)品,因此,迫切需要一種新的柔性成形工藝以適應(yīng)發(fā)展的時代需求。 曲面連續(xù)輥壓成形是一種新型的板料柔性成形技術(shù),可以連續(xù)、柔性的加工三維曲面件,適用于不同形狀大型三維曲面件的成形。由于成形過程中板料的塑性變形較大,回彈較小,又能通過一套設(shè)備加工不同形狀零件,該技術(shù)具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。目前曲面連續(xù)輥壓成形的研究還處于起步階段,在成形原理、過程設(shè)計方法、成形件精度等方面還存在許多亟待解決的問題。本文通過對曲面連續(xù)輥壓成形過程中板料的彎曲變形的理論分析,建立了橫向、縱向彎曲變形方程,給出了過程設(shè)計方法,并從數(shù)值模擬與實驗等方面對該成形方法進行研究。 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下: (1)根據(jù)曲面連續(xù)輥壓成形的變形特點,分析成形過程中板料橫向、縱向彎曲變形機制。連續(xù)成形時,板料在進入上、下柔性輥間接觸區(qū)之前已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生橫向彎曲變形,到達接觸區(qū)時,橫向曲率已接近柔性輥曲率,板料變成柱面;在接觸區(qū)內(nèi),板料厚向不均勻減薄,縱向不均勻伸長,發(fā)生彎曲形成雙曲率曲面,,隨著柔性輥的旋轉(zhuǎn),板料的變形在進給方向上積累完成曲面件的成形。建立縱向彎曲變形的基本方程,得到成形件縱向曲率與輥縫中線形狀及輥縫分布的關(guān)系,典型的兩種輥縫分布形式為中間寬兩邊窄及中間窄兩邊寬形式。彎曲變形分析中引用平面假設(shè),文中通過數(shù)值模擬方法從三個方面驗證平面假設(shè)的合理性。分析板料的縱向伸長變形、厚向減薄變形,得到縱向伸長量及厚向減薄量的分布公式,通過數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果驗證縱向伸長量分布、厚向減薄量分布規(guī)律。 (2)建立基于成形件目標(biāo)曲面設(shè)計連續(xù)輥壓成形過程的方法。對于通過目標(biāo)件的CAD數(shù)模不能直接得到其橫向截面線方程及縱向曲率情況,給出橫向截面線的NURBS描述及縱向曲率的計算公式。上、下柔性輥輪廓基于目標(biāo)曲面橫向截面線設(shè)計,上、下柔性輥之間的輥縫基于目標(biāo)曲面縱向曲率設(shè)計,建立由于輥縫設(shè)計的通用公式,設(shè)計輥縫應(yīng)使板料減薄量呈線性分布。柔性輥形狀通過控制單元調(diào)節(jié),討論控制點數(shù)量對調(diào)形精度的影響;谔岢龅倪^程設(shè)計方法,進行實驗,成形出負高斯曲率曲面及正高斯曲率曲面,實驗結(jié)果表明,成形件的表面光滑、成形效果良好,說明采用以上過程設(shè)計方法加工三維曲面零件具有可行性與有效性。 (3)研究成形典型件時上、下柔性輥間接觸區(qū)的形狀,討論曲面連續(xù)輥壓成形過程壓力載荷分布,給出總成形力的計算公式。通過數(shù)值模擬方法分析成形過程中應(yīng)力應(yīng)變場的分布,給出模擬件橫縱向曲率精度及模擬件與目標(biāo)件的法向誤差分布。板料減薄量不滿足線性分布時,可能導(dǎo)致成形件失穩(wěn)起皺,分析失穩(wěn)起皺原因及典型件的易起皺區(qū)域,發(fā)現(xiàn)起皺區(qū)域應(yīng)力應(yīng)變水平遠大與其他位置,輥縫寬度分布與設(shè)計輥縫的偏移量越大起皺越嚴(yán)重。成形過程中板料與柔性輥之間的相互作用力會使柔性輥輪廓再次變形,使板料減薄量無法滿足線性分布,影響成形件形狀。通過數(shù)值模擬分析以鋼絲軟軸作為支承輥時工作輥總成的變形,發(fā)現(xiàn)柔性工作輥彈性變形量較小,鋼絲軟軸由于結(jié)構(gòu)原因發(fā)生較大的彈性變形,給出補償方法,經(jīng)過數(shù)次補償后輥縫分布精度明顯提高。介紹一種以光軸作為支承輥的改進方法,采用直線光軸作為支承輥不需要補償就能達到較高精度。 (4)進行曲面連續(xù)輥壓成形實驗,采用以鋼絲軟軸作為支撐輥及以直線光軸作為支撐輥的兩套設(shè)備加工負高斯曲率曲面與正高斯曲率曲面。采用鋼絲軟軸作為支撐輥時,進行多次補償可提高輥縫寬度精度,采用直線光軸作為支撐輥時,不需要補償可使輥縫寬度達到較高精度。成形件的成形效果良好,精度較高,厚度分布規(guī)律與縱向曲率半徑分布規(guī)律均與理論一致,證明過程設(shè)計的合理性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of manufacturing technology , the demand of three - dimensional curved surface parts is transformed from mass single - type products to small - batch - type products .
The continuous roll press forming of curved surface is a new type of flexible forming technology , which can be continuously and flexibly processed three - dimensional curved parts . It is suitable for the forming of large - scale three - dimensional curved parts with different shapes .
The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows :
( 1 ) according to the deformation characteristic of the continuous roll forming of the curved surface , the transverse and longitudinal bending deformation mechanism of the plate material in the forming process is analyzed .
In the contact area , the thickness of the plate is not uniform and thin , the longitudinal non - uniform elongation , the bending forming the double curvature curved surface , along with the rotation of the flexible roller , the deformation of the sheet material accumulates the forming of the curved piece in the feeding direction .
( 2 ) To establish a method for designing the continuous roll forming process based on the target curved surface of the forming part . The calculation formula of the NURBS description and the longitudinal curvature of the transverse section line can not be obtained directly by the CAD model of the target piece . The upper and lower flexible roll profiles are designed based on the transverse sectional line of the target curved surface . The design of the roll gap is based on the design of the longitudinal curvature of the target curved surface . The design roller seam should be designed according to the longitudinal curvature of the target curved surface . The design roller seam should be designed according to the longitudinal curvature of the target curved surface . The design roller seam is designed based on the longitudinal curvature of the target curved surface . The experimental results show that the surface of the forming part is smooth and the forming effect is good . The feasibility and effectiveness of the three - dimensional curved surface parts processed by the above process design method are explained .
( 3 ) The shape of the contact zone between upper and lower flexible rollers during forming process is studied , the pressure load distribution in the continuous roll forming process of curved surface is discussed , and the calculation formula of total forming force is given .
( 4 ) A curved surface continuous roll press forming experiment is carried out , and the negative Gaussian curvature curved surface and the normal Gaussian curvature curved surface are processed by using a steel wire flexible shaft as a supporting roller and two sets of equipment with a straight optical axis as a supporting roller .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:TG306
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