本文選題：葉片變形 + 預(yù)測(cè)和補(bǔ)償　； 參考：《上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：整體葉輪是傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械行業(yè)的核心部件之一,也是各類航空航天、汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、精密醫(yī)療設(shè)備等高端機(jī)械的關(guān)鍵部件。同時(shí)整體葉輪也是典型的復(fù)雜曲面零件,而五軸數(shù)控加工是實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜曲面零件高效銑削的有效手段之一。但是葉輪葉片設(shè)計(jì)曲面結(jié)構(gòu)、刀具軌跡規(guī)劃的復(fù)雜性和銑削加工過(guò)程的易變形性,給生成高質(zhì)量的刀具路徑帶來(lái)了很多困難。本文以復(fù)雜曲面葉輪葉片五軸數(shù)控側(cè)銑精加工過(guò)程為研究背景,研究整體葉輪用UG三維實(shí)體建模、基于ANSYS有限元分析軟件對(duì)葉輪葉片進(jìn)行加工過(guò)程變形量計(jì)算和分析整個(gè)葉片的變形規(guī)律,再利用加工變形誤差補(bǔ)償法和整體側(cè)銑刀具軌跡優(yōu)化法對(duì)加工變形誤差進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償及優(yōu)化,然后可以獲得綜合補(bǔ)償優(yōu)化后的葉片曲面,重構(gòu)葉片曲面并輸出加工代碼,通過(guò)高速銑削加工實(shí)驗(yàn)去驗(yàn)證預(yù)測(cè)方法和優(yōu)化補(bǔ)償方法的準(zhǔn)確性。本學(xué)位論文主要研究工作及創(chuàng)新性成果如下：一、基于有限元分析軟件ANSYS對(duì)葉輪葉片側(cè)銑精加工過(guò)程加工變形預(yù)測(cè)。選用銑削力經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,對(duì)葉片加工過(guò)程中各點(diǎn)的銑削力進(jìn)行計(jì)算,基于ANSYS有限元分析軟件對(duì)葉輪葉片側(cè)銑精加工過(guò)程進(jìn)行適宜的簡(jiǎn)化,然后對(duì)葉片進(jìn)行定義屬性及約束、網(wǎng)格劃分,載荷施加,求解計(jì)算出葉片側(cè)銑精加工過(guò)程葉片的變形量以及得出葉片的變形規(guī)律。二、提出了葉輪葉片側(cè)銑精加工過(guò)程變形—刀具軌跡規(guī)劃綜合誤差的補(bǔ)償方法。在利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS對(duì)整體葉輪葉片加工變形誤差預(yù)測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)影響葉輪葉片加工誤差的兩個(gè)主要因素：刀具軌跡規(guī)劃和葉片加工變形誤差,利用多次循環(huán)鏡面補(bǔ)償法和整體側(cè)銑刀具軌跡優(yōu)化法對(duì)變形誤差進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償?shù)耐瑫r(shí)對(duì)刀具軌跡規(guī)劃進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,最后利用補(bǔ)償優(yōu)化后的曲面重構(gòu)葉片曲面,得出加工代碼。三、進(jìn)行整體葉輪五軸數(shù)控銑削加工對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)。利用兩個(gè)對(duì)比試驗(yàn),即用企業(yè)中常用的加工葉輪的方法與本文對(duì)葉片加工變形預(yù)測(cè)補(bǔ)償優(yōu)化后加工葉輪的方法對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證預(yù)測(cè)加工變形方法和變形誤差補(bǔ)償優(yōu)化方法的正確性。
[Abstract]:Integral impeller is one of the core parts in traditional machinery industry, and it is also the key part of all kinds of high-end machinery such as aerospace, automobile engine, precision medical equipment and so on. At the same time, the integral impeller is also a typical complex curved surface part, and five-axis NC machining is one of the effective means to realize the efficient milling of complex curved surface parts. However, the design of surface structure of impeller blades, the complexity of tool path planning and the easy deformation of milling process bring a lot of difficulties to the generation of high-quality tool paths. In this paper, based on the research background of complex curved impeller blade five-axis NC side milling finishing process, the integral impeller is modeled by UG three-dimensional solid model. Based on the ANSYS finite element analysis software, the deformation of the impeller blade is calculated and the deformation law of the whole blade is analyzed. Then the machining deformation error is compensated and optimized by using the machining deformation error compensation method and the integral side milling tool trajectory optimization method, and then the blade surface after comprehensive compensation and optimization can be obtained, the blade surface can be reconstructed and the machining code can be output. The accuracy of the prediction method and the optimized compensation method are verified by high speed milling experiments. The main research work and innovative achievements of this dissertation are as follows: first, the deformation prediction of blade side milling finish machining process based on finite element analysis software ANSYS. The milling force of each point in the process of blade machining is calculated by selecting the empirical formula of milling force. Based on the ANSYS finite element analysis software, the process of side milling finish machining of impeller blade is appropriately simplified, and then the attributes and constraints of the blade are defined. The deformation of the blade during the side milling finishing process was calculated and the deformation law of the blade was obtained by meshing and applying the load. Secondly, a compensation method for the comprehensive errors of the deformation and tool path planning in the side milling of impeller blades is presented. Based on the prediction of machining deformation error of integral impeller blade by using finite element analysis software ANSYS, two main factors affecting the machining error of impeller blade are discussed: tool path planning and blade machining deformation error. The multi-cycle mirror compensation method and the integral side milling tool trajectory optimization method are used to compensate the deformation error and the tool path planning is optimized. Finally, the blade surface is reconstructed by using the compensated optimization surface, and the machining code is obtained. Third, the comparative experiment of five-axis NC milling of integral impeller is carried out. In this paper, two comparative tests are carried out, that is, the common methods of machining impellers in enterprises are compared with the methods used in this paper to predict and compensate for machining deformation. The correctness of the methods of predicting machining deformation and optimizing methods of compensation for deformation errors is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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