本文選題：拼焊板 + 焊接區(qū)力學(xué)性能�。� 參考：《燕山大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：拼焊板成形技術(shù)是指采用不同厚度、不同材質(zhì)或不同表面涂層的板材,經(jīng)下料后焊接成整體預(yù)制板坯,再進(jìn)行沖壓成形的工藝方法。拼焊板成形技術(shù)在減少車身重量、增強(qiáng)車身結(jié)構(gòu)安全性等方面具有重要作用。近年來,隨著社會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)能減排等要求越來越高,拼焊板成形技術(shù)在汽車制造業(yè)中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。但是,拼焊板母材或厚度不同或強(qiáng)度不同,且存在焊縫和熱影響區(qū),導(dǎo)致拼焊板在成形技術(shù)上與常規(guī)單一板材相比有很大不同,有很多新的技術(shù)問題亟待解決,如拼焊板激光焊接、焊接區(qū)對(duì)拼焊板成形的影響和成形極限等問題。因此,對(duì)拼焊板激光焊接過程、焊縫及熱影響區(qū)金屬力學(xué)性能測(cè)定、拼焊板成形極限以及拼焊板拉深成形過程控制等問題進(jìn)行深入研究具有十分重要的意義。本文首先研究了不同焊接功率和不同焊接速度對(duì)拼焊板激光焊接接頭宏觀質(zhì)量的影響規(guī)律,給出了課題研究用拼焊板的合理焊接工藝參數(shù)取值范圍,并基于顯微組織分析、硬度測(cè)試等試驗(yàn)對(duì)拼焊板激光焊接接頭進(jìn)行了質(zhì)量檢測(cè)。通過“小尺寸型”拼焊板試樣單向拉伸、混合法則和納米壓痕等技術(shù),分別建立了拼焊板焊縫及熱影響區(qū)金屬的平均和非平均彈塑性力學(xué)性能測(cè)定模型。采用Erichsen杯突試驗(yàn)對(duì)比了忽略和考慮焊縫及熱影響區(qū)金屬彈塑性力學(xué)性能對(duì)拼焊板成形結(jié)果的影響�；谒苄员緲�(gòu)關(guān)系和Hosford屈服準(zhǔn)則,在拼焊板焊縫及熱影響區(qū)金屬的彈塑性力學(xué)性能已知條件下,提出了一種能較好預(yù)測(cè)同材等厚拼焊板成形極限的理論計(jì)算方法。對(duì)于異厚拼焊板,建立了從細(xì)觀損傷角度預(yù)測(cè)拼焊板成形極限的GTN(Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman)模型,采用有限元軟件ABAQUS,耦合基于Mises屈服準(zhǔn)則的彈塑性GTN損傷模型,對(duì)異厚拼焊板的成形極限進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)。設(shè)計(jì)了拼焊板半球凸模脹形物理試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)過程中通過改變?cè)嚰膶挾鹊玫搅瞬煌瑧?yīng)變狀態(tài)下完整的拼焊板成形極限圖,并與前面兩種預(yù)測(cè)模型得到的拼焊板成形極限圖進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。綜合考慮焊縫及熱影響區(qū)金屬彈塑性力學(xué)性能,以拼焊板成形極限圖作為拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形的破裂判據(jù),建立了拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形的有限元數(shù)值模擬模型。著重分析了拉深成形過程中壓邊力這一最重要且易于控制的工藝參數(shù)對(duì)拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形極限、焊縫移動(dòng)和側(cè)壁起皺(對(duì)于錐壁類方盒形件而言)的影響規(guī)律,給出了較優(yōu)的壓邊力加載方式。引入人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,分析了拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形過程中的主要影響因素,建立了拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形過程中較優(yōu)的壓邊力神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測(cè)模型�；谡辉囼�(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)和有限元數(shù)值模擬構(gòu)建了神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測(cè)模型所需的訓(xùn)練樣本,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了壓邊力控制規(guī)律的準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)。本文最后建立了拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),在拉深過程變量P(拉深力)、Q(壓邊力)和h(拉深行程)的采集實(shí)驗(yàn)中,利用LabVIEW虛擬儀器和技術(shù),建立了拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)。設(shè)計(jì)了拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)＞?并通過物理實(shí)驗(yàn)和有限元數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法,探討了板料厚度比、壓邊力和模具參數(shù)等因素對(duì)拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形的影響規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:Tailor welded sheet forming technology refers to the process of forming a whole preform with different thickness, different material or different surface coating, and then welded into a whole preform after being under material. The forming technology of tailor welded plate is important in reducing body weight and enhancing the safety of body structure. In recent years, with the society to the environment protection. The requirements for protection, energy saving and emission reduction are becoming more and more high. The application of tailor welded plate forming technology is more and more widely used in automobile manufacturing industry. However, the welding plate has different thickness or thickness or strength, and there is a weld and heat affected zone. The welding plate is different from the conventional single sheet in forming technology, and there are many new technical problems. It is very important to solve the problems such as the laser welding of the tailor welded plate, the influence of the welding zone on the forming of the tailor welded plate and the forming limit. Therefore, it is very important to study the laser welding process of the tailor welded plate, the measurement of the mechanical properties of the metal in the weld and the heat affected zone, the forming limit of the tailor welded plate and the control of the drawing process of the tailor welded plate. First, the influence of different welding power and different welding speed on the macroscopic quality of the laser welded joint of tailor welded plate is studied. The range of the reasonable welding parameters for the study is given, and the quality testing of the welded joint of the tailor welded plate is carried out based on the microstructure analysis and the hardness test. The average and non average elastoplastic mechanical properties of the welded joint and heat affected zone of the tailor welded plate were established by the unidirectional stretching, the mixing rule and the nano indentation. The Erichsen cup process test was used to compare the metal elastic and plastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected areas to the forming of the tailor welded plate. Based on the plastic constitutive relation and the Hosford yield criterion, a theoretical calculation method for predicting the forming limit of the same thickness tailor welded plate is proposed under the condition of the known elastoplastic mechanical properties of the weld plate weld and the heat affected zone. For the tailor welded plate, the tailor welded plate is predicted from the meso damage angle. The GTN (Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman) model of the shape limit, using the finite element software ABAQUS, coupled with the elastoplastic GTN damage model based on the Mises yield criterion, predicts the forming limit of the different thick tailor welded plate, and designs the bulging physical test of the hemispherical punch in the tailor welded plate, and the different strain shapes are obtained by changing the width of the specimen during the test. The whole forming limit diagram of the tailor welded plate is analyzed and compared with the forming limit diagram of the tailor welded plate obtained from the two previous prediction models. Considering the elastic and plastic mechanical properties of the weld and heat affected areas, the forming limit diagram of the tailor welded plate is taken as the fracture criterion of the drawing of the box shaped part of the tailor welded plate, and the box box of the tailor welded plate is established. The finite element numerical simulation model of drawing forming is used to analyze the most important and easy to control process parameters in drawing forming process, which are the most important and easy to control process parameters for the drawing limit of the square box shaped parts of the tailor welded plate, the movement of the weld and the wrinkling of the side wall (for the box shaped box shaped parts), and the superior loading way of the blank holder force is given. In the artificial neural network model, the main influencing factors in the drawing process of the square box shaped parts of the tailor welded plate are analyzed, and the better prediction model of the blank holder force neural network is established. The training samples for the neural network prediction model are constructed based on the orthogonal test design and the finite element numerical simulation. In this paper, an experimental system for the drawing of a square box shaped part of a tailor welded plate is established at the end of this paper. In the acquisition experiment of the drawing process variables P (drawing force), Q (pressing force) and H (deep drawing stroke), the data mining experiment of the square box shaped part of the tailor welded plate is established by using the LabVIEW virtual instrument and technology. The experimental mould for drawing forming of the square box shaped parts of the tailor welded plate is designed, and the influence of the thickness ratio of sheet material, the blank holder force and the parameters of the die on the drawing forming of the box box shaped parts of the tailor welded plate is discussed by combining the physical experiment with the finite element numerical simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG386

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