本文選題：數(shù)控機(jī)床 + 熱效應(yīng)　； 參考：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著德國(guó)“工業(yè)4.0”高科技戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃的提出,一場(chǎng)以智能制造為主導(dǎo)的第四次工業(yè)革命悄然爆發(fā)。在機(jī)床各種誤差源中,熱誤差是數(shù)控機(jī)床等精密加工機(jī)械的最大誤差源。而且,機(jī)床精密度越高,熱誤差所占比例越大,因此減小熱誤差對(duì)提高精密機(jī)床的加工精度具有至關(guān)重要的意義。綜合國(guó)內(nèi)外研究者的研究?jī)?nèi)容,熱誤差補(bǔ)償技術(shù)主要圍繞熱變形檢測(cè)、溫度敏感點(diǎn)選擇、建模和補(bǔ)償?shù)人膫�(gè)方面開展研究。本文從以上四個(gè)方面提出了許多理論和方法,進(jìn)行了大量實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)據(jù)處理分析,并獲得了良好的實(shí)際應(yīng)用效果。論文主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：1)基于球桿儀測(cè)量原理和方法,提出了一種利用球桿儀檢測(cè)數(shù)控機(jī)床熱效應(yīng)的方法,該方法解決了國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中使用自制夾具和傳感器等不利因素,該系統(tǒng)通過(guò)了第三方評(píng)估部門的鑒定。2)提出了一種基于模糊聚類、灰色理論、逐步回歸分析和判定系數(shù)的溫度敏感點(diǎn)選擇方法,通過(guò)對(duì)大量熱誤差實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)處理分析,該方法得到了很好的應(yīng)用,效果明顯。3)討論分析了數(shù)控機(jī)床熱誤差建模技術(shù)的常用數(shù)學(xué)算法。對(duì)多元回歸最小一乘、最小二乘估計(jì),分布滯后模型和支持向量回歸機(jī)算法進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)分析和驗(yàn)證,提出了穩(wěn)健建模方法。4)基于MATLAB GUI圖形用戶界面軟件平臺(tái),編寫程序建立了熱誤差測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)分析測(cè)試、溫度敏感點(diǎn)選擇測(cè)試、熱誤差建模系統(tǒng)測(cè)試和熱誤差模型穩(wěn)健性分析測(cè)試四個(gè)子界面,使得數(shù)控機(jī)床熱誤差分析更加程式化,簡(jiǎn)單快捷,大大降低了處理數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間和出錯(cuò)率。5)介紹了熱誤差補(bǔ)償技術(shù)的具體使用方法并搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),提出了兩種數(shù)控機(jī)床熱誤差補(bǔ)償技術(shù)的應(yīng)用和效果驗(yàn)證方案,分別是球形切削加工實(shí)驗(yàn)和精切試件加工實(shí)驗(yàn),補(bǔ)償效果顯著。
[Abstract]:With the development of Germany's "Industrial 4.0" high-tech strategic plan, a fourth industrial revolution led by intelligent manufacturing broke out quietly. Among all kinds of error sources of machine tools, thermal error is the largest error source of precision machining machinery such as NC machine tools. Moreover, the higher the precision of the machine, the greater the proportion of the thermal error, so it is very important to reduce the thermal error to improve the machining accuracy of the precision machine. According to the research contents of domestic and foreign researchers, the thermal error compensation technology mainly focuses on four aspects: thermal deformation detection, temperature sensitive point selection, modeling and compensation. In this paper, many theories and methods are put forward from the above four aspects, a large number of experiments and data processing are carried out, and good practical application results are obtained. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the measuring principle and method of the ball rod meter, a method of detecting the thermal effect of CNC machine tool by using the ball rod instrument is put forward. The method solves the disadvantages of using self-made fixture and sensor in the international standard. The system has passed the appraisal of the third-party evaluation department. 2) A method of selecting temperature sensitive points based on fuzzy clustering, grey theory, stepwise regression analysis and determination coefficient is proposed. The data processing and analysis of a large number of thermal error experiments are carried out. This method has been applied very well, and the effect is obvious. 3) the common mathematical algorithms of thermal error modeling technology of NC machine tools are discussed and analyzed. Based on the experimental analysis and verification of multivariate regression least squares estimation, distributed lag model and support vector regression machine algorithm, a robust modeling method. 4) is proposed based on MATLAB GUI graphical user interface software platform. The four sub-interfaces of thermal error measurement data analysis test, temperature sensitive point selection test, thermal error modeling system test and thermal error model robustness analysis test are established, which make the thermal error analysis of NC machine tools more stylized. It is simple and fast, greatly reduces the time of processing data and error rate. 5) this paper introduces the specific application method of thermal error compensation technology and builds the experimental platform, and puts forward the application and effect verification scheme of two kinds of numerical control machine tool thermal error compensation technology. It is spherical cutting experiment and finely cutting sample processing experiment, and the compensation effect is remarkable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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