汽車(chē)用Fe-Mn-Al系輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)鋼制備工藝及變形機(jī)理研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-04-21 17:47
本文選題:Fe-Mn-Al鋼 + 輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng); 參考:《北京科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文
【摘要】:隨著全球能源危機(jī)的加劇與日益嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題,汽車(chē)行業(yè)正在逐步推進(jìn)汽車(chē)輕量化設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展模式。作為一種新型高強(qiáng)鋼,Fe-Mn-Al鋼在保證其優(yōu)異的力學(xué)性能的同時(shí),其低密度、耐腐蝕的特征被視作未來(lái)汽車(chē)用鋼發(fā)展方向。因此,本文基于汽車(chē)輕量化的設(shè)計(jì)原理及其性能要求,從成分設(shè)計(jì)、熱軋成形、冷軋成形、熱處理及室溫拉伸變形等角度研究Fe-Mn-Al系輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)鋼的制備工藝及變形機(jī)理。 設(shè)計(jì)成分體系Fe-27Mn-11.5Al-0.95C-0.59Si為穩(wěn)定的奧氏體基體+δ-鐵素體的兩相組織,密度為6.55g/cm3,與純鐵相比密度下降16.6%。利用Glebble-1500熱模擬試驗(yàn)機(jī)在900~1150℃、0.01~10s-1條件下研究實(shí)驗(yàn)用鋼的動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶行為,變形初期的鐵素體動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶造成真應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線(xiàn)的類(lèi)屈服效應(yīng),后期以?shī)W氏體再結(jié)晶為主體,曲線(xiàn)為典型再結(jié)晶型。利用雙曲正弦函數(shù)模型建立了實(shí)驗(yàn)用鋼的熱變形方程,計(jì)算其熱變形激活能為290.204kJ/mol;采用z參數(shù)方程描述兩相組織的動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶行為。鐵素體組織形貌對(duì)應(yīng)變速率敏感,高應(yīng)變速率下為帶狀組織,低應(yīng)變速率下為島狀組織;鐵素體再結(jié)晶與奧氏體晶粒長(zhǎng)大促使了帶狀鐵素體向島狀轉(zhuǎn)變。 研究固溶處理工藝對(duì)熱軋鋼板組織性能的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:熱軋卷取溫度通過(guò)控制晶界碳化物析出影響Fe-Mn-Al鋼板的強(qiáng)韌性;固溶處理促進(jìn)奧氏體晶粒長(zhǎng)大與帶狀δ-鐵素體破碎分離,降低鋼板強(qiáng)度而提高其塑性,但過(guò)高的固溶溫度或固溶時(shí)間造成鐵素體組織粗大,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)增大,鋼板強(qiáng)韌性下降;1050℃下固溶1h后鋼板變現(xiàn)出良好的強(qiáng)韌性組合,強(qiáng)塑積達(dá)到46.48GPa-%。 研究850~1050℃范圍內(nèi)退火溫度對(duì)冷軋F(tuán)e-Mn-Al鋼組織性能及斷裂行為的影響。低溫退火過(guò)程中的奧氏體共析轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)斐蓪?shí)驗(yàn)用鋼較高的K碳化物含量與極差的塑性,1000℃退火后抗拉強(qiáng)度為1003MPa,斷后伸長(zhǎng)率為41.3%,強(qiáng)塑積為41.4GPa.%。利用Hollomon方程解釋冷軋F(tuán)e-Mn-Al的多階段加工硬化行為,分析退火溫度與其力學(xué)性能的關(guān)系。修正后的Hollomon方程對(duì)拉伸真實(shí)應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線(xiàn)擬合,平均可決系數(shù)從0.9468提高到0.9995。 利用原位拉伸試驗(yàn)與不同應(yīng)變下的透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察,研究Fe-Mn-Al系輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)鋼室溫變形過(guò)程中的微觀組織轉(zhuǎn)變。變形初期奧氏體中形成少量的滑移帶,并隨位移量的增大而增多,出現(xiàn)滑移帶交割;6-鐵素體中有序相的存在將提高其硬度而降低其變形能力,導(dǎo)致變形后期裂紋萌生擴(kuò)展?紤]到兩相組織成分差異,計(jì)算奧氏體層錯(cuò)能為~80mJ/m2;室溫變形過(guò)程中奧氏體先后經(jīng)歷位錯(cuò)束集、泰勒晶格、高密度位錯(cuò)墻、疇界以及在高應(yīng)變狀態(tài)下的微帶交割,表現(xiàn)為明顯的平面滑移特征;微帶的交割形成奧氏體晶粒細(xì)分,促使其穩(wěn)定的加工硬化率和連續(xù)的加工硬化行為。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of the global energy crisis and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the automobile industry is gradually promoting the development model of automotive lightweight design. As a new type of high strength steel, Fe-Mn-Al steel has the characteristics of low density and corrosion resistance while ensuring its excellent mechanical properties. It is regarded as the developing direction of automobile steel in the future. Therefore, based on the design principle and performance requirements of automobile lightweight, the preparation process and deformation mechanism of Fe-Mn-Al series lightweight high strength steel are studied from the aspects of composition design, hot rolling forming, cold rolling forming, heat treatment and room temperature tensile deformation. The designed composition system Fe-27Mn-11.5Al-0.95C-0.59Si is a stable two-phase structure of austenitic matrix 未 -ferrite with a density of 6.55 g / cm ~ 3, which decreases 16.6g / cm ~ (-3) compared with pure iron. The dynamic recrystallization behavior of experimental steel was studied by Glebble-1500 thermal simulation machine under the condition of 900,1150 鈩,
本文編號(hào):1783474
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