本文選題：振動時效　切入點：X射線衍射法　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以整機裝配體及外框架、內(nèi)框和反射鏡總成等零部件為研究對象，針對傳統(tǒng)試驗法對結(jié)構(gòu)時效振動參數(shù)上的選擇，以及對復(fù)雜裝配體多方向殘余應(yīng)力消除不均的問題，利用X射線衍射法測量結(jié)構(gòu)實際的殘余應(yīng)力分布情況，采用有限元仿真確定時效參數(shù)，進行振動時效處理，建立結(jié)構(gòu)零部件、整機裝配體結(jié)構(gòu)消應(yīng)力最佳的工藝，最終達到確定結(jié)構(gòu)最佳振動時效參數(shù)的目的。 首先使用X射線衍射法對各結(jié)構(gòu)殘余應(yīng)力分布的具體情況進行了測量和研究。根據(jù)所選結(jié)構(gòu)材料屬性和X射線測量的特點，采用了X射線衍射法中的sin2Ψ法對結(jié)構(gòu)殘余應(yīng)力情況進行了測量。運用X射線測得整機裝配體、外框架、內(nèi)框及反射鏡總成結(jié)構(gòu)所選點的殘余應(yīng)力大小。 運用有限元分析軟件HYPERMESH和ANSYS建立了外框架、內(nèi)框和反射鏡總成結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元模型，并進行了約束模態(tài)分析。對各零部件結(jié)構(gòu)進行諧響應(yīng)分析，依次取不同的激振頻率和激振力幅值，計算結(jié)構(gòu)的最大動應(yīng)力，并依據(jù)仿真結(jié)果建立結(jié)構(gòu)最大動應(yīng)力與激振頻率和激振力幅值的關(guān)系曲線。根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果選擇了反射鏡及“法蘭盤+支架”結(jié)構(gòu)的激振頻率、激振力、激振點、支撐點等時效參數(shù)。 采用頻譜諧波時效法對整機裝配體進行殘余應(yīng)力應(yīng)力消除試驗。由于整機裝配體結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，殘余應(yīng)力分布多樣化，傳統(tǒng)的振動時效已經(jīng)不能滿足應(yīng)力消除需求。運用有限元法建立整機裝配體模型，得到裝配體約束下的固有頻率及模態(tài)振型，選取其中5個對關(guān)鍵部位振動影響較大的振型作為主振型，進行混合疊加施振，消除和均化各方向的殘余應(yīng)力。 根據(jù)有限元法確定了整機零部件結(jié)構(gòu)的振動時效參數(shù)，組建振動消應(yīng)力試驗裝置對外框架、內(nèi)框和反射鏡總成結(jié)構(gòu)進行振動時效處理。測量試驗后結(jié)構(gòu)的殘余應(yīng)力分布情況，分析時效結(jié)果；利用正交實驗法，以外框架和反射鏡總成結(jié)構(gòu)作為試驗對象，通過對5組不同試驗參數(shù)的時效效果進行對比分析，進行振動時效工藝參數(shù)優(yōu)化。以試驗結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)，分析不同結(jié)構(gòu)試驗結(jié)果，得到結(jié)構(gòu)材料對振動時效效果的重要性這一結(jié)論，，為進一步進行振動時效理論分析提供了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the components such as the whole machine assembly, the outer frame, the inner frame and the mirror assembly are taken as the research object, aiming at the selection of the structural aging vibration parameters by the traditional test method, as well as the problem of eliminating the uneven multi-direction residual stress of the complex assembly.The actual residual stress distribution of the structure was measured by X-ray diffraction method, the aging parameters were determined by finite element simulation, the vibration aging treatment was carried out, the structural parts and components were set up, and the optimum process of stress relief for the whole assembly body structure was established.Finally, the purpose of determining the optimum vibration aging parameters of the structure is achieved.The distribution of residual stress in various structures was measured and studied by X-ray diffraction.According to the properties of the selected structural materials and the characteristics of the X-ray measurement, the residual stress of the structure was measured by using the sin2 蠄 method in the X-ray diffraction method.The residual stress of the assembly, frame, inner frame and mirror assembly of the whole machine was measured by X ray.The finite element model of the outer frame, inner frame and mirror assembly is established by using the finite element analysis software HYPERMESH and ANSYS, and the constrained modal analysis is carried out.The harmonic response of each component structure is analyzed and the maximum dynamic stress of the structure is calculated according to the different frequency and amplitude of the excitation force. The relationship between the maximum dynamic stress of the structure and the frequency and amplitude of the exciting force is established based on the simulation results.According to the simulation results, the time-dependent parameters such as frequency, force, point and support point of the mirror and flange bracket are selected.The residual stress relief test of the whole machine assembly was carried out by using the spectrum harmonic aging method.Because of the complex structure of the assembly body and the diversity of residual stress distribution, the traditional vibration aging can no longer meet the requirement of stress elimination.The finite element method is used to establish the assembly body model of the whole machine. The natural frequencies and modal modes under the constraints of the assembly body are obtained. Five of the vibration modes which have a great influence on the vibration of the key parts are selected as the main vibration modes, and the mixed superposition vibration is carried out.Eliminate and homogenize the residual stresses in all directions.According to the finite element method, the vibration aging parameters of the whole machine parts structure are determined, and the external frame, inner frame and mirror assembly structure of the vibration stress relief test device are set up for vibration aging treatment.The residual stress distribution of the structure after the test was measured and the aging results were analyzed. By using the orthogonal test method, the structure of the outer frame and the mirror assembly as the test object, the aging effect of five groups of different test parameters was compared and analyzed.The process parameters of vibration aging were optimized.Based on the experimental results, the importance of structural materials to vibration aging effect is obtained by analyzing the results of different structural tests, which provides a basis for further theoretical analysis of vibration aging.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG156.92

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