本文選題：Fe基合金粉末　切入點(diǎn)：Q235D鋼　出處：《遼寧工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文通過(guò)采用根據(jù)實(shí)際要求而制的Fe基合金粉末，在Q235D基體表面進(jìn)行激光熔覆實(shí)驗(yàn)，，先后進(jìn)行了激光單層熔覆、激光雙層熔覆、激光多層熔覆以及激光淬火的實(shí)驗(yàn)探索與研究，通過(guò)反復(fù)優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，最終成功地提取出較優(yōu)的激光加工工藝參數(shù)，并將提取出的較優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)成功應(yīng)用到實(shí)際加工中且取得了很好的效果，為該型Fe基合金粉末在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用奠定了非常關(guān)鍵的理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。 首先，利用該型Fe基合金粉末在Q235D基體的表面進(jìn)行了較為關(guān)鍵的激光單道與單層熔覆的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。通過(guò)對(duì)前期進(jìn)行的大量單道、多道熔覆基礎(chǔ)性實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析，從中選取出較優(yōu)的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了激光單層熔覆實(shí)驗(yàn)的探索與研究。對(duì)不同工藝參數(shù)下所得的熔覆層外觀(guān)形貌、表面洛氏硬度、金相顯微組織和截面顯微硬度分別進(jìn)行了觀(guān)察測(cè)試與對(duì)比分析從而得到較優(yōu)的激光單層熔覆的工藝參數(shù)。在較優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)下熔覆層表面較為平整、光滑、致密均勻，基體與熔覆層兩者之間發(fā)生了較成功的冶金結(jié)合，沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)明顯的裂紋痕跡，并且?guī)缀鯖](méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)氣孔的存在，與此同時(shí)，熔覆層的顯微硬度的分布也比較均勻，并且其變化不存在明顯的梯度，其硬度與基體相比也得到了明顯提升，為后期要進(jìn)行的激光雙層熔覆和多層熔覆實(shí)驗(yàn)也打下了牢固的基礎(chǔ)。 其次，利用之前進(jìn)行的激光單層熔覆實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的較好的工藝參數(shù)逐步有序地進(jìn)行了激光雙層熔覆和激光多層熔覆實(shí)驗(yàn)工藝參數(shù)的探索與優(yōu)化，成功提取出激光雙層熔覆與激光多層熔覆的較優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)分析顯示，較好工藝參數(shù)下熔覆層的宏觀(guān)質(zhì)量較好，熔覆層尺寸完全能夠滿(mǎn)足實(shí)際生產(chǎn)使用要求，金相顯微組織的分析結(jié)果表明基本沒(méi)有裂紋和氣孔出現(xiàn)且熔覆層與基體以及各前后熔覆層之間的結(jié)合良好。此外，對(duì)層間停光時(shí)間對(duì)熔覆層的性能影響也做了深入研究分析，對(duì)實(shí)際工業(yè)生產(chǎn)有著非常大的指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。 再次，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了激光淬火實(shí)驗(yàn)的探索與研究，成功的探索出了激光淬火時(shí)的較好工藝參數(shù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，在較好工藝參數(shù)情況下，激光淬火后的淬硬層較為平整、光滑、分布非常均勻，其淬火后的表面硬度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于淬火前的基體，金相組織觀(guān)察分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，淬火層組織主要為高硬度的片狀和板條狀馬氏體組織，晶粒尺寸非常細(xì)小，淬火層的顯微硬度分布幾乎沒(méi)有變化梯度，波動(dòng)程度較小且明顯高于傳統(tǒng)淬火方法得到的組織硬度。實(shí)驗(yàn)探索了激光功率和掃描速度對(duì)淬火層深度和淬火層表面硬度的影響，為其在實(shí)際工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用奠定了良好的理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。 最后，對(duì)激光熔覆與激光淬火兩種加工工藝所得熔覆層與淬火層綜合機(jī)械性能、加工制造成本、適用場(chǎng)合進(jìn)行綜合對(duì)比分析，為實(shí)際生產(chǎn)與應(yīng)用都奠定了重要的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, laser cladding experiments were carried out on Q235D substrate by using Fe-base alloy powder prepared according to practical requirements. Laser cladding and double-layer laser cladding were carried out successively. The experiments of laser multilayer cladding and laser quenching are explored and studied. By repeatedly optimizing the experimental data, the better laser processing parameters are extracted successfully. The optimized process parameters were successfully applied to practical processing and good results were obtained, which laid a very important theoretical and experimental foundation for the application of the Fe-base alloy powder in practical production. First of all, the experimental study of laser single channel and single layer cladding on the surface of Q235D substrate was carried out by using the Fe-base alloy powder. The experimental results obtained from the basic experiments of multichannel cladding were analyzed in detail, from which the better experimental data were selected to explore and study the laser cladding experiments. The surface Rockwell hardness, metallographic microstructure and cross section microhardness were observed and compared to obtain the better laser cladding process parameters. The surface of the cladding layer was smooth and smooth under the optimum technological parameters. Dense and uniform, there is a successful metallurgical bonding between the matrix and the cladding layer, there is no obvious crack trace, and almost no porosity is found. At the same time, the microhardness distribution of the cladding layer is also relatively uniform. Moreover, there is no obvious gradient and its hardness is obviously improved compared with the matrix, which lays a solid foundation for the laser double-layer cladding and multi-layer cladding experiments to be carried out in the later stage. Secondly, the process parameters of laser double-layer cladding and laser multilayer cladding are explored and optimized by using the better technological parameters obtained from the previous laser cladding experiments. The optimum technological parameters of laser double-layer cladding and laser multilayer cladding are extracted successfully. The experimental analysis shows that the macroscopical quality of the cladding layer is better and the size of the cladding layer can completely meet the requirements of practical production and application. The results of metallographic microstructure analysis show that there are basically no cracks and pores, and the bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate, and between the cladding layer and the front and rear cladding layers is good. In addition, the effect of the interlayer stop time on the properties of the cladding coating is also studied. It has great guiding value to actual industrial production. Thirdly, on the basis of this, the laser quenching experiments are carried out, and the better technological parameters of laser quenching are successfully explored. The experimental results show that the hardened layer after laser quenching is relatively smooth under the better technological parameters. The surface hardness of the quenched layer is much higher than that of the matrix before quenching. The microstructure of the quenched layer is mainly sheet and strip martensite with high hardness, and the grain size is very small. The microhardness distribution of the quenched layer has almost no change gradient, the fluctuation degree is small and obviously higher than the microstructure hardness obtained by the traditional quenching method. The effects of laser power and scanning speed on the depth of the quenched layer and the hardness of the quenched layer surface are investigated experimentally. It lays a good theoretical and experimental foundation for its application in practical industry. Finally, the comprehensive mechanical properties, manufacturing cost and application of laser cladding and laser quenching are compared and analyzed, which lays an important theoretical basis for practical production and application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG174.4

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