本文選題：鋁型材　切入點(diǎn)：擠壓模具　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國鋁型材加工產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,鋁型材的應(yīng)用已從建筑行業(yè),拓展到汽車、船舶、電力和航空航天等領(lǐng)域,鋁型材的產(chǎn)量也節(jié)節(jié)攀升,位居世界第一。鋁合金型材具有質(zhì)量輕、耐腐蝕和比強(qiáng)度高的優(yōu)異物理、化學(xué)性能,某些情況下可替代鋼材作結(jié)構(gòu)材料使用,能推動和建設(shè)綠色、節(jié)能、環(huán)保的現(xiàn)代化社會。然而,目前許多鋁加工企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)仍然落后,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不能滿足當(dāng)前社會發(fā)展對鋁型材提出的較高的要求;并且,鋁型材的擠壓模具的設(shè)計(jì)至今還缺少一個系統(tǒng)、完整的理論體系,工程師在設(shè)計(jì)時多依賴個人的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn),并需要在生產(chǎn)中反復(fù)修模、試模去驗(yàn)證。因此,研究鋁合金型材的擠壓成形規(guī)律、工藝及其模具設(shè)計(jì)對提高鋁合金產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、縮短開發(fā)周期和降低企業(yè)成本具有重要意義。本文以某一復(fù)雜薄壁空心異形鋁型材為例,通過對其截面形狀、尺寸特征的分析,確定了其適用的擠壓模具類型,并完成了分流模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和三維建模,并通過強(qiáng)度校核。利用HyperXtrude專業(yè)擠壓模擬軟件對其穩(wěn)態(tài)擠壓過程進(jìn)行了模擬,得到了擠壓模具應(yīng)力、位移分布,揭示了分流擠壓模具在擠壓過程中受力和變形規(guī)律,并以降低模具載荷、減少模具彈性變形為目標(biāo),對影響擠壓過程的主要工藝參數(shù)(擠壓速度、坯料預(yù)熱溫度、擠壓筒預(yù)熱溫度和模具預(yù)熱溫度)進(jìn)行了的正交試驗(yàn),得到了擠壓模具應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變處最佳狀態(tài)的工藝參數(shù)組合。根據(jù)擠壓過程模具之中流動金屬的溫度分布、應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分布、速度與變形分布,描述了金屬在擠壓過程中的變形機(jī)理并應(yīng)用于改進(jìn)模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),通過添加阻塊、調(diào)整工作帶的方法對擠壓模具進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),使型材截面各點(diǎn)出口流速均勻。針對擠壓分流模具的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),將其歸納為五種結(jié)構(gòu)特征,按照自下而上建模的二次開發(fā)方法,利用UG/Open UIStyler編輯器設(shè)計(jì)擠壓分流模具設(shè)計(jì)對話框;利用NXOpen的日記功能錄制建模流程,并對其編輯修改實(shí)現(xiàn)了擠壓分流模具的交互式設(shè)計(jì);利用UG/Open Menuscript設(shè)計(jì)了擠壓模具專用的下拉菜單,使分流模具CAD系統(tǒng)與NX融為一體。最后進(jìn)行實(shí)例建模,驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)的可行的性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the aluminum profile processing industry in China has developed rapidly. The application of aluminum profile has been extended from the construction industry to the fields of automobile, ship, power and aerospace, and the output of aluminum profile has also been rising. Aluminum alloy profiles have excellent physical and chemical properties of light weight, corrosion resistance and high specific strength. They can be used as structural materials instead of steel in some cases, and can promote and build green and energy saving. However, the production technology of many aluminum processing enterprises is still lagging behind, and the quality of the products cannot meet the higher requirements for aluminum profiles put forward by the current social development. The design of extrusion die for aluminum profile is still lack of a system, a complete theoretical system. Engineers rely on personal practical experience in the design, and need to repeatedly repair the die in production, to test the mold to verify. It is of great significance to study the extrusion forming law of aluminum alloy profile and its process and die design to improve the quality of aluminum alloy products, shorten the development period and reduce the cost of the enterprise. This paper takes a complex thin-walled hollow shaped aluminum profile as an example. Based on the analysis of the shape and size characteristics of its cross section, the suitable extrusion die type is determined, and the structure design and 3D modeling of the split die are completed. Through strength checking, the steady extrusion process is simulated by HyperXtrude software, the stress and displacement distribution of extrusion die is obtained, and the law of stress and deformation of shunt extrusion die during extrusion process is revealed. With the aim of reducing the die load and reducing the elastic deformation of the die, the orthogonal experiments were carried out on the main technological parameters (extrusion speed, preheating temperature of the billet, preheating temperature of the extrusion tube and preheating temperature of the die) that affected the extrusion process. According to the temperature distribution, stress-strain distribution, velocity and deformation distribution of the flowing metal in the extrusion die, the optimum process parameters of stress and strain of extrusion die are obtained. The deformation mechanism of metal in extrusion process is described and applied to improve the design of die structure. The extrusion die is improved by adding block and adjusting working band. According to the structure characteristics of extrusion split die, it is summarized into five structural characteristics, according to the secondary development method of bottom-up modeling, the UG/Open UIStyler editor is used to design the dialogs of extrusion split die design. The modeling process is recorded by the diary function of NXOpen, and the interactive design of extrusion shunt die is realized by editing and modifying it, and the pull-down menu of extrusion die is designed by UG/Open Menuscript. The CAD system is integrated with NX. Finally, the feasibility of the system is verified by example modeling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG379

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