本文關(guān)鍵詞：鑄態(tài)高鋁鋅基合金（ZA27）電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪材料安全可靠性研究　出處：《深圳大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：近年來,隨著材料工藝技術(shù)發(fā)展,國(guó)內(nèi)電梯行業(yè)開始采用具有生產(chǎn)工藝簡(jiǎn)單、性能優(yōu)良、低成本等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的鑄態(tài)高鋁鋅基合金ZA27制作曳引機(jī)蝸輪。然而目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者對(duì)鑄態(tài)高鋁鋅基合金ZA27的研究集中在改善材料綜合機(jī)械性能,對(duì)其作為電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪材料方面的系統(tǒng)研究依然空白,尚未對(duì)其作為電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪材料進(jìn)行安全可靠性評(píng)估,也未制定出相關(guān)技術(shù)指標(biāo)。隨著電梯增多,由鑄態(tài)高鋁鋅基合金ZA27曳引機(jī)蝸輪失效引起的安全事故也隨之增多,人們對(duì)鑄態(tài)高鋁鋅基合金ZA27能否用于電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪提出質(zhì)疑。因此,對(duì)鑄態(tài)高鋁鋅基合金ZA27電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪材料安全可靠性研究具有重要意義。對(duì)出現(xiàn)斷齒現(xiàn)象的電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪進(jìn)行失效分析。結(jié)果表明,蝸輪材料的主成分含量符合GB/T1175-1997《鑄造鋅合金》中的牌號(hào)成分含量。輪齒斷裂是疲勞斷裂,斷裂源在齒根部位。首損齒齒根處存在疏松、氣孔、夾雜等鑄造缺陷,局部疏松相連形成缺陷聚集區(qū)。這些缺陷的存在引起局部應(yīng)力集中,降低材料抗拉強(qiáng)度,裂紋在缺陷處萌生并向四周擴(kuò)展。在交變載荷作用下,裂紋不斷擴(kuò)展,最后輪齒發(fā)生折斷;斷齒表面有剝落點(diǎn)蝕坑存在,經(jīng)驗(yàn)證,輪齒齒面點(diǎn)蝕出現(xiàn)幾率與其組織中鑄造缺陷分布與大小有關(guān)。對(duì)不同鑄造工藝制造的高鋁鋅基合金ZA27電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪毛坯組織性能進(jìn)行表征,并與鑄造錫青銅的性能對(duì)比,全面分析影響鑄態(tài)高鋁鋅基合金ZA27電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪正常使用因素。結(jié)果表明,最佳鑄造工藝為擠壓鑄造,該工藝下的蝸輪顯微組織致密,晶粒形貌為細(xì)小等軸晶;關(guān)鍵部位無縮孔、疏松和夾雜物等鑄造缺陷存在;抗拉強(qiáng)度為412MPa,斷后伸長(zhǎng)率為6.5%,沖擊功為53.5J,顯微硬度為127.9HV,摩擦系數(shù)為0.101~0.118。并且其力學(xué)性能優(yōu)于鑄造錫青銅。利用有限元分析,建立鑄態(tài)高鋁鋅基合金ZA27電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪力學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)模型,計(jì)算在極限工況下蝸輪所受應(yīng)力,分析有限元計(jì)算結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明,最大應(yīng)力發(fā)生在齒根區(qū)域;當(dāng)轎廂負(fù)載125%額定載荷且靜止或轎廂負(fù)載110%額定載荷以加速度9.8m/s2在底層啟動(dòng)或轎廂負(fù)載125%額定載荷以加速度9.8m/s2在底層緊急制動(dòng)等三種極限工況下,曳引機(jī)均不會(huì)發(fā)生失效。因此控制好蝸輪關(guān)鍵部位鑄造缺陷程度及蝸輪工作溫度情況下,鑄態(tài)高鋁鋅基合金ZA27則能夠安全用于電梯曳引機(jī)蝸輪的制造。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of material technology, domestic elevator industry began to adopt simple production process and excellent performance. The wormgear of traction machine is made by ZA27 with low cost and so on. However, at present, domestic and foreign experts and scholars focus on improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of as-cast high Al-Zn base alloy ZA27. The systematic research on the material of worm wheel of elevator traction machine is still blank, and the safety and reliability of the material of worm wheel of elevator traction machine has not been evaluated, and the related technical index has not been worked out. With the increase of elevator. The safety accidents caused by the failure of the wormgear of the cast high Al-Zn base alloy ZA27 traction machine are also increasing. People question whether the as-cast high aluminum-zinc base alloy ZA27 can be used in the worm wheel of the elevator traction machine. It is of great significance to study the material safety and reliability of wormgear of ZA27 elevator traction machine with high Al-Zn-base alloy. The failure analysis of worm wheel of elevator traction machine with broken tooth is carried out. The principal component content of worm gear material is in line with the grade composition content in GB/T1175-1997 cast zinc alloy. The gear tooth fracture is fatigue fracture. The fracture source lies in the root of the tooth. There are some casting defects such as porosity, porosity, inclusions and so on in the root of the first loss teeth, which are loosely connected to form the defect accumulation area. These defects cause the local stress concentration and reduce the tensile strength of the material. The crack germinates at the defect and propagates all around. Under the action of alternating load, the crack continues to grow, and the last gear tooth breaks. There are denudation pits on the surface of broken teeth, which have been verified. The occurrence probability of pitting corrosion of gear tooth surface is related to the distribution and size of casting defects in its structure. The microstructure and properties of worm wheel blank of high aluminum zinc base alloy ZA27 elevator traction machine manufactured by different casting processes are characterized. Compared with the properties of cast tin bronze, the factors affecting the normal use of wormwheel of ZA27 elevator traction machine with high Al-Zn base alloy were analyzed. The results showed that the best casting technology was squeeze casting. The microstructure of the worm wheel is compact and the grain morphology is fine equiaxed crystal. There are no shrinkage holes, loose and inclusions and other casting defects in key parts. The tensile strength is 412MPa, the elongation after break is 6.5, the impact energy is 53.5J, the microhardness is 127.9 HV. The friction coefficient is 0.101 and 0.118, and its mechanical properties are better than that of cast tin bronze. Based on the finite element analysis, a mathematical model of wormwheel of ZA27 elevator traction machine with high Al-Zn base alloy is established. The results of finite element analysis show that the maximum stress occurs in the tooth root region. When the car load is 125% rated and the static or car load is 110% rated at an acceleration of 9.8 m / s ~ (2) at the bottom or 125% rating at the bottom of the car load at 9.8 m / s ~ (2). First floor emergency braking and other three limit conditions. Therefore, under the condition of controlling the casting defect degree of the key parts of the worm gear and the working temperature of the worm gear, the as-cast high Al-Zn base alloy ZA27 can be safely used in the manufacture of the worm wheel of the elevator traction machine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TU857;TG146.13

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