【摘要】：青藏高原地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱，尤其是多年凍土地區(qū)，該地區(qū)的公路的建設(shè)與發(fā)展會(huì)帶來許多負(fù)面生態(tài)效應(yīng)，給沿線的環(huán)境帶來很大的壓力。本文依托玉樹震后重建科研項(xiàng)目，以青藏高原東部G214線穿越的多年凍土地區(qū)為研究區(qū)域，基于3S技術(shù)，研究該區(qū)域內(nèi)道路自然環(huán)境。 本文借助GPS、RS與GIS技術(shù)，利用野外勘察獲得的GPS點(diǎn)位信息，提出了G214線多年凍土地區(qū)的植被生態(tài)的分類系統(tǒng)，并基于此建立了該地區(qū)SPOT-5遙感影像的遙感影像的解譯標(biāo)志系統(tǒng)。以ENVI軟件和ArcGIS軟件為基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái)，，制作了G214沿線多年凍土地區(qū)的地表植被生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的分類圖、植被覆蓋度分布圖等；另外，以道路中線兩側(cè)200米范圍為重點(diǎn)研究區(qū)域，對(duì)不同范圍內(nèi)的植被分布、植被覆蓋度分布進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析；采用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的理論，借助美國(guó)俄勒岡大學(xué)開發(fā)的FRAGSTATS軟件，對(duì)重點(diǎn)研究區(qū)域的相關(guān)景觀指數(shù)進(jìn)行了提取，基于景觀指數(shù)分析了道路對(duì)該地區(qū)植被生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。 根據(jù)本文的多年凍土地區(qū)道路自然環(huán)境研究的結(jié)論，結(jié)合道路工程的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和多年凍土地區(qū)工程建設(shè)實(shí)際，提出了凍土的保護(hù)措施及對(duì)策；提出了工程建設(shè)階段保護(hù)沿線植被、減少對(duì)植被破壞等措施以及地表植被生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)措施。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is fragile, especially in the permafrost region, and the construction and development of the highway in the region will bring a lot of negative ecological effects and bring great pressure to the environment along the line. Based on the post-earthquake reconstruction of the Yushu, this paper studies the natural environment of the road in this region based on the 3S technology in the region of the permafrost region crossing the G214 line in the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, by means of GPS, RS and GIS, the classification system of the vegetation ecology in the permafrost region of the G214 line is proposed, and the interpretation mark system of the remote sensing image of the SPOT-5 remote sensing image in the area is established. On the basis of ENVI software and ArcGIS software, the classification map and vegetation coverage map of the surface vegetation ecosystem along the permafrost area along the line of G214 are made. According to the theory of landscape ecology, the relevant landscape index of the key research area is extracted by using the FRAGSTATS software developed by the University of Oregon, and the image of the vegetation ecosystem in the area is analyzed based on the landscape index. In response to the conclusion of the research on the road natural environment in the permafrost region, the protective measures and the countermeasures of the frozen soil are put forward in the light of the structural characteristics of the road engineering and the construction of the permafrost region, and the protection edge of the construction stage is put forward. The vegetation of the line, the measures to reduce the damage to the vegetation, and the change of the surface vegetation ecosystem
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P642.14;U412

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