【摘要】：隨著管道運(yùn)輸在各領(lǐng)域的迅速發(fā)展,在役油氣管道的安全運(yùn)營(yíng)日益不容忽視,定期檢測(cè)已不能滿足四通八達(dá)的運(yùn)輸管線安全需求,因此建立油氣管線實(shí)時(shí)在線無(wú)損監(jiān)測(cè)成為當(dāng)今傳感領(lǐng)域研究的重要方向。針對(duì)油氣運(yùn)輸?shù)奶厥夥阑鸱辣�、抗電磁干擾的需求,結(jié)合光柵光纖技術(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)變、溫度的高靈敏度、耐受惡劣環(huán)境、封裝方式靈活等優(yōu)勢(shì),本文提出一種基于光纖光柵環(huán)向應(yīng)變傳感器的于管道健康監(jiān)測(cè)方法。 第一章緒論,首先概覽我國(guó)管道運(yùn)輸業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程和未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),由于管道老化腐蝕而引起的泄漏、爆炸等災(zāi)難性事故頻頻發(fā)生,討論了研究油氣管道健康監(jiān)測(cè)的意義。其次列舉了管道泄漏及腐蝕監(jiān)測(cè)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果以及現(xiàn)有檢測(cè)技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)與缺陷。重點(diǎn)介紹了光纖傳感技術(shù)在管道監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展,光纖光柵傳感器的工作原理與性能優(yōu)勢(shì),最后提出了本文研究方向與研究?jī)?nèi)容。 第二章主要內(nèi)容為光纖光柵全截面應(yīng)變傳感器的開(kāi)發(fā)與改進(jìn)。文章敘述了這種傳感器的設(shè)計(jì)背景,對(duì)傳感器的工作原理進(jìn)行了理論推導(dǎo),專門為滿足管道外壁的形狀及變形協(xié)調(diào)開(kāi)發(fā)了有效地封裝和安裝技術(shù)。為了保證傳感器在官道上處于有效應(yīng)力狀態(tài),設(shè)計(jì)了預(yù)張系統(tǒng)。對(duì)不同增敏效果的傳感器進(jìn)行了性能測(cè)試,實(shí)驗(yàn)證明傳感器有一定的增敏效果,分析了增敏系數(shù)理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)值的關(guān)系；深入研究了傳感器在大應(yīng)變和小應(yīng)變下的響應(yīng)情況,可通過(guò)調(diào)整內(nèi)部構(gòu)件比例以滿足各種不同工程中物理量的測(cè)量需求。 第三章介紹了將光纖光柵全截面環(huán)向應(yīng)變傳感器應(yīng)用于燃?xì)夤艿赖男孤┍O(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖菫榱蓑?yàn)證該傳感器能否對(duì)管道泄漏信號(hào)產(chǎn)生及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的響應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明傳感器能夠及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地監(jiān)測(cè)到管道的泄漏,對(duì)不同泄漏量、不同工況進(jìn)行模式識(shí)別。 第四章設(shè)計(jì)了將光纖光柵全截面環(huán)向應(yīng)變傳感器應(yīng)用于燃?xì)夤艿赖母g監(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。主要研究了環(huán)向應(yīng)變傳感器對(duì)管道壁厚的響應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,這種光纖光柵環(huán)向應(yīng)變傳感器能夠反應(yīng)管道的壁厚變化,從而達(dá)到監(jiān)測(cè)管道腐蝕的目的,具有工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the pipeline transportation in all fields, the safe operation of the in-service oil and gas pipeline is not to be ignored, and the regular inspection has not met the safety demand of the transportation pipeline of the four-to-eight, so the real-time on-line non-destructive monitoring of the oil and gas pipeline is the important direction of the research in the current sensing field. In view of the special fire-proof and anti-electromagnetic interference requirements for oil and gas transportation, combined with the advantages of the grating fiber technology to the high sensitivity of strain and temperature, the harsh environment and the flexible packaging mode, this paper proposes a method for monitoring the pipeline health based on the fiber grating hoop strain sensor. In the first chapter, the development history and the future development trend of the pipeline transportation industry in China are first reviewed, and the catastrophic accidents such as the leakage and the explosion caused by the aging and corrosion of the pipeline have occurred frequently, and the meaning of the research on the health monitoring of the oil and gas pipeline is discussed. The paper also lists the research results of pipe leakage and corrosion monitoring at home and abroad, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the existing detection technology. In this paper, the application progress of the fiber sensing technology in the pipeline monitoring, the working principle and the performance advantage of the fiber grating sensor are introduced, and the research direction and the research of this paper are put forward. The main content of the second chapter is the development of the full-section strain sensor of the fiber grating. In this paper, the design background of the sensor is described, the working principle of the sensor is theoretically derived, and the shape and deformation coordination of the outer wall of the pipeline are specially designed to effectively package and secure the sensor. In order to ensure that the sensor is in the effective stress state on the official track, the pre-design is designed. The performance test of the sensor with different sensitizing effect is carried out. The experimental results show that the sensor has a certain sensitizing effect. The relationship between the theory of the sensitization coefficient and the experimental value is analyzed. The response of the sensor under the large strain and the small strain is deeply studied. it is to be understood that by adjusting the ratio of the internal components to meet the measurement of the physical quantities in a variety of different projects, The third chapter introduces the application of the full-section hoop strain sensor of the fiber grating to the discharge of the gas pipeline. The purpose of the experiment is to verify whether the sensor can generate a timely signal to the pipeline leakage signal The experimental results show that the sensor can timely and accurately monitor the leakage of the pipeline, and it can be used for different leakage and different working conditions. The fourth chapter is designed to apply the full-section hoop strain sensor of the fiber grating to the gas pipeline. The corrosion monitoring experiment of the ring strain sensor is mainly studied in this paper. The experimental results show that the annular strain sensor of the fiber grating can change the wall thickness of the pipe, so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring the corrosion of the pipeline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U178

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