危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道泄漏檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-20 18:13
【摘要】：危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道的泄漏檢測(cè)是保證安全生產(chǎn)的重要環(huán)節(jié)。由于危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的強(qiáng)腐蝕、易燃、易爆、有毒、放射性等危險(xiǎn)特性,危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道泄漏檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)要具有響應(yīng)時(shí)間快、靈敏度高、定位精確等功能,同時(shí)也要求使用和維護(hù)操作簡(jiǎn)便,而當(dāng)前基于聲波法的危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道泄漏檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用很少。因此,危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道泄漏檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用是保障危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品領(lǐng)域安全生產(chǎn)的必要前提。 本課題以危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道為研究對(duì)象,通過設(shè)計(jì)增益可遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)節(jié)的管道泄漏檢測(cè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表提高系統(tǒng)的可操作性,提出基于雙移動(dòng)窗和功率譜比對(duì)的信號(hào)特征提取方法提高特征提取的有效性,建立了基于SVDD的無泄漏樣本信號(hào)條件下危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道泄漏診斷模型,解決危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道不能獲取真實(shí)“模擬泄漏信號(hào)”的難題,從而為減少誤報(bào),消除漏報(bào)提供了必要的技術(shù)手段。 由于同一型號(hào)傳感器在不同的管道輸送介質(zhì)中的輸出信號(hào)特性相似。本課題從同一型號(hào)傳感器在天然氣輸送管道上的信號(hào)入手,分析、比較了正常動(dòng)態(tài)壓力信號(hào)和泄漏動(dòng)態(tài)壓力信號(hào)的功率譜的異同,提出了基于雙移動(dòng)窗和功率譜比對(duì)的信號(hào)特征提取方法和步驟。然后,將該特征提取方法應(yīng)用在危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道動(dòng)態(tài)壓力信號(hào)的特征提取中。然后,建立了基于SVDD的無泄漏樣本信號(hào)條件下的泄漏診斷模型。 在危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道的泄漏檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中,一方面設(shè)計(jì)了基于STM32微處理器的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表能接收嵌入式遠(yuǎn)程終端單元(RTU)的信號(hào)逐級(jí)放大調(diào)節(jié)指令,將壓電式壓力傳感器的輸出信號(hào)按指令要求的放大倍數(shù)放大,最后輸出4-20mA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信號(hào)；另一方面改進(jìn)了集成RS-485串行通信總線功能的嵌入式遠(yuǎn)程終端單元(RTU),RTU不僅能夠采集現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表的輸出信號(hào),以網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信方式傳輸至監(jiān)控服務(wù)器,而且能夠接收監(jiān)控服務(wù)器發(fā)送的儀表放大倍數(shù)調(diào)節(jié)指令,將調(diào)節(jié)指令經(jīng)RS-485串行通信總線轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)至現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表。 最后,在液氯輸送管道中以液氮為實(shí)驗(yàn)介質(zhì),通過模擬泄漏對(duì)該系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn),系統(tǒng)全部做出了正確報(bào)警。連續(xù)運(yùn)行結(jié)果表明：本文設(shè)計(jì)的危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品輸送管道泄漏檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)誤報(bào)率低,并且能夠有效診斷管道的泄漏。
[Abstract]:Leakage detection of dangerous chemical pipeline is an important link to ensure safe production. Due to the dangerous characteristics of dangerous chemicals such as strong corrosion, flammability, explosion, toxicity and radioactivity, the leak detection system of dangerous chemicals transportation pipeline should have the functions of quick response time, high sensitivity, accurate positioning, and so on. At the same time, it is also required to use and maintain easily, but the application of leak detection system based on acoustic method for dangerous chemical pipeline is very few. Therefore, the design and application of leakage detection system for dangerous chemical pipeline is a necessary prerequisite to ensure the safety of production in the field of hazardous chemicals. In this paper, the pipeline of dangerous chemical transportation is taken as the research object, and the operability of the system is improved by designing the field instrument of pipeline leakage detection, which can adjust the gain remotely. A signal feature extraction method based on double moving windows and power spectrum comparison is proposed to improve the effectiveness of feature extraction. A leakage diagnosis model of hazardous chemical pipeline without leakage sample signal based on SVDD is established. In order to solve the problem that the pipeline of dangerous chemicals can not obtain the real "simulated leakage signal", it provides the necessary technical means for reducing false alarm and eliminating underreporting. Because of the same type of sensors in different pipeline transport medium, the output signal characteristics are similar. Starting with the signal of the same type of sensor in the natural gas pipeline, this paper analyzes and compares the power spectrum of the normal dynamic pressure signal and the leakage dynamic pressure signal. The method and steps of signal feature extraction based on double moving window and power spectrum comparison are proposed. Then, this feature extraction method is applied to feature extraction of dynamic pressure signal in dangerous chemical pipeline. Then, a leak diagnosis model based on SVDD is established under the condition of no leakage sample signal. In the design of leakage detection system for dangerous chemical pipeline, on the one hand, the field instrument based on STM32 microprocessor is designed. The field instrument can receive the signal of embedded remote terminal unit (RTU) to amplify and adjust the instruction step by step. The output signal of the piezoelectric pressure sensor is amplified according to the magnification required by the instruction, and finally the 4-20mA standard signal is outputted. On the other hand, the embedded remote terminal unit (RTU), RTU, which integrates the function of RS-485 serial communication bus, can not only collect the output signal of the field instrument, but also transmit it to the monitoring server by means of network communication. At the same time, it can receive the instrument magnification adjustment instructions sent by the monitor server and forward the adjustment instructions to the field instrument via RS-485 serial communication bus. Finally, using liquid nitrogen as the experimental medium in the liquid chlorine pipeline, the system was tested by simulated leakage, and all the system made the correct alarm. The continuous operation results show that the leakage detection system designed in this paper has low false alarm rate and can effectively diagnose pipeline leakage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U178
本文編號(hào)：2444478
[Abstract]:Leakage detection of dangerous chemical pipeline is an important link to ensure safe production. Due to the dangerous characteristics of dangerous chemicals such as strong corrosion, flammability, explosion, toxicity and radioactivity, the leak detection system of dangerous chemicals transportation pipeline should have the functions of quick response time, high sensitivity, accurate positioning, and so on. At the same time, it is also required to use and maintain easily, but the application of leak detection system based on acoustic method for dangerous chemical pipeline is very few. Therefore, the design and application of leakage detection system for dangerous chemical pipeline is a necessary prerequisite to ensure the safety of production in the field of hazardous chemicals. In this paper, the pipeline of dangerous chemical transportation is taken as the research object, and the operability of the system is improved by designing the field instrument of pipeline leakage detection, which can adjust the gain remotely. A signal feature extraction method based on double moving windows and power spectrum comparison is proposed to improve the effectiveness of feature extraction. A leakage diagnosis model of hazardous chemical pipeline without leakage sample signal based on SVDD is established. In order to solve the problem that the pipeline of dangerous chemicals can not obtain the real "simulated leakage signal", it provides the necessary technical means for reducing false alarm and eliminating underreporting. Because of the same type of sensors in different pipeline transport medium, the output signal characteristics are similar. Starting with the signal of the same type of sensor in the natural gas pipeline, this paper analyzes and compares the power spectrum of the normal dynamic pressure signal and the leakage dynamic pressure signal. The method and steps of signal feature extraction based on double moving window and power spectrum comparison are proposed. Then, this feature extraction method is applied to feature extraction of dynamic pressure signal in dangerous chemical pipeline. Then, a leak diagnosis model based on SVDD is established under the condition of no leakage sample signal. In the design of leakage detection system for dangerous chemical pipeline, on the one hand, the field instrument based on STM32 microprocessor is designed. The field instrument can receive the signal of embedded remote terminal unit (RTU) to amplify and adjust the instruction step by step. The output signal of the piezoelectric pressure sensor is amplified according to the magnification required by the instruction, and finally the 4-20mA standard signal is outputted. On the other hand, the embedded remote terminal unit (RTU), RTU, which integrates the function of RS-485 serial communication bus, can not only collect the output signal of the field instrument, but also transmit it to the monitoring server by means of network communication. At the same time, it can receive the instrument magnification adjustment instructions sent by the monitor server and forward the adjustment instructions to the field instrument via RS-485 serial communication bus. Finally, using liquid nitrogen as the experimental medium in the liquid chlorine pipeline, the system was tested by simulated leakage, and all the system made the correct alarm. The continuous operation results show that the leakage detection system designed in this paper has low false alarm rate and can effectively diagnose pipeline leakage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U178
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