【摘要】：城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)延伸的方向就是城市化進(jìn)程的方向。在過(guò)去的二十年中,由于城市發(fā)展和人民生活水平提高等方面的迫切需要,各種不同規(guī)模的道路交通建設(shè)項(xiàng)目通過(guò)立案并投入施工。今天,人們?cè)谙硎艹鞘猩钏鶐?lái)的方便和快捷的同時(shí),也陷入了城市化進(jìn)程的魔咒中——交通擁堵。然而交通擁堵不僅造成了出行時(shí)間和能源的浪費(fèi),由此導(dǎo)致的大氣污染以及日益嚴(yán)重的霧霾天氣也嚴(yán)重的制約了城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。因此,如何有效的“治堵”就成了解決上述問(wèn)題所要找到線頭。在這樣巨大的現(xiàn)實(shí)背景下,交通流作為一門新興的交叉學(xué)科應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。與此同時(shí),在交通流研究過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一系列有趣而又復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象,也引起了包括物理學(xué)家在內(nèi)的眾多領(lǐng)域的學(xué)者的重視。 本文針對(duì)城市交通擁堵的問(wèn)題,采用元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)方法,建立了受到包括信號(hào)燈,繞路行駛和合作意愿博弈等因素影響的城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,并研究了它們各自對(duì)城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的影響。本文的主要工作如下： (1)根據(jù)Watanabe在并行條件下提出的受信號(hào)燈影響的城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,建立了考慮信號(hào)燈的隨機(jī)更新城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。數(shù)值模擬發(fā)現(xiàn),隨機(jī)更新對(duì)城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的相變臨界密度影響很大,且只有通過(guò)同時(shí)調(diào)整信號(hào)燈的分布和信號(hào)變換周期才能有效的控制交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)和解決由于隨機(jī)更新引入所造成的系統(tǒng)臨界密度變小的問(wèn)題。 (2)根據(jù)Ding等人提出的隨機(jī)更新城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,通過(guò)考慮駕駛者在發(fā)現(xiàn)前方擁堵時(shí)會(huì)選擇繞路行駛的行為,建立了考慮繞路行駛的隨機(jī)更新城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。通過(guò)對(duì)沿著固定方向繞路行駛和繞路行駛方向不固定的兩種模型的數(shù)值模擬發(fā)現(xiàn),繞路行為概率的增大有利于提高因?yàn)槭艿诫S機(jī)更新規(guī)則影響而變小的城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的臨界密度。 (3)以Perc提出的考慮策略博弈影響的BML模型為基礎(chǔ),建立了考慮合作意愿的BML模型。通過(guò)相圖的對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管系統(tǒng)臨界密度整體變小的趨勢(shì)依然無(wú)法得到全面遏制,但考慮合作意愿博弈的BML模型的自由流相區(qū)域的面積較大。此外,在緩解由于博弈導(dǎo)致的堵塞相提前發(fā)生的問(wèn)題上,不斷提高駕駛者在博弈中的合作意愿比單純讓更多的駕駛者選擇合作更為有效。 最后,總結(jié)了全文的工作,并對(duì)今后交通流的工作進(jìn)行了展望。
[Abstract]:The direction of urban traffic network extension is the direction of urbanization. In the past two decades, due to the urgent need of urban development and the improvement of people's living standards, all kinds of road traffic construction projects of different scales have been put on file and put into construction. Today, while enjoying the convenience and rapidity of urban life, people are also trapped in the curse of urbanization-traffic jams. However, traffic congestion not only leads to the waste of travel time and energy, but also seriously restricts the economic development of the city due to air pollution and increasingly serious haze weather. Therefore, how to effectively "stop plug" has become the solution to the above-mentioned problems to find the thread. In such a huge realistic background, traffic flow as a new cross-disciplinary came into being. At the same time, a series of interesting and complex phenomena found in the process of traffic flow research have attracted the attention of scholars in many fields, including physicists. In this paper, the cellular automata method is adopted to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, and the urban traffic network model is established, which is influenced by the factors such as signal lights, bypass driving and cooperative willingness game, and so on. The influence of each of them on the urban traffic network system is also studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) according to the urban traffic network model which is influenced by the signal light proposed by Watanabe under the parallel condition, a random updating urban traffic network model considering the signal light is established. It is found by numerical simulation that random renewal has a great influence on the critical density of phase transition in urban traffic network system. Only by simultaneously adjusting the signal distribution and the signal transformation period can the traffic network be controlled effectively and the critical density of the system can be reduced due to the introduction of random update. (2) according to the stochastic updating urban traffic network model proposed by Ding et al., the stochastic updating urban traffic network model considering bypass traffic is established by considering the behavior of drivers choosing to bypass when they find the traffic congestion in front. Through the numerical simulation of two kinds of models which travel along the fixed direction and the direction of the detour is not fixed, it is found that the two models are not fixed in the direction. The increase of the probability of bypass behavior is beneficial to improve the critical density of urban traffic networks which are affected by random updating rules. (3) based on the BML model proposed by Perc to consider the influence of strategic games, a BML model considering cooperation will is established. Through the comparison of the phase diagrams, it is found that although the overall decreasing trend of the critical density of the system cannot be completely contained, the area of the free flow phase region of the BML model considering the cooperative will game is larger. In addition, it is more effective to improve the willingness of drivers to cooperate in the game than to let more drivers choose to cooperate in order to alleviate the problem of premature occurrence of the jam caused by the game. Finally, the work of this paper is summarized, and the future work of traffic flow is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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