【摘要】：伴隨國家交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的迅猛發(fā)展，，隧道工程得以廣泛運用，受隧道選型、線路走向及地形地質(zhì)等因素限制，越來越多的淺埋偏壓大跨小凈距隧道出現(xiàn)在工程實踐中，施工過程中由于受到多重因素耦合效應(yīng)，相較與常規(guī)隧道其隧道結(jié)構(gòu)及圍巖力學(xué)效應(yīng)更復(fù)雜、施工難度、施工風(fēng)險更高，如何準確把握好其施工力學(xué)效應(yīng)及變形破壞機理是隧道施工與運營期間安全保障的關(guān)鍵。鑒于此，本文以江蘇省交通科研項目-《復(fù)雜城區(qū)環(huán)境與工程地質(zhì)條件下山嶺隧道施工關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究》為依托，采用理論分析、數(shù)值計算及現(xiàn)場試驗相結(jié)合的研究方法，開展了淺埋偏壓大跨小凈距隧道施工力學(xué)效應(yīng)的研究，重點探討了施工期隧道結(jié)構(gòu)與邊坡變形破壞機理及控制技術(shù)。本文主要研究內(nèi)容包含： (1)淺埋偏壓小凈距隧道施工力學(xué)特性及影響因素的分析 通過對工程原型的適當簡化，運用分解疊加的等效原則對偏壓隧道開挖后圍巖應(yīng)力場分布進行了求解，論述了影響其圍巖應(yīng)力分布的各項因素。鑒于此，建立數(shù)值計算模型，以隧道圍巖及支護結(jié)構(gòu)受力特征為分析基礎(chǔ)，以影響偏壓隧道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的各項因素為技術(shù)指標，系統(tǒng)性量化探討了不同地形偏壓角度、不同隧道埋深、不同隧道凈距下圍巖及支護結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)特性。 (2)淺埋偏壓小凈距隧道動態(tài)施工效應(yīng)及圍巖穩(wěn)定性的評價 運用有限元法和BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建反分析模型，對北固山隧道先行洞施工過程中典型斷面位移監(jiān)測進行反演，進而確立了圍巖物理力學(xué)參數(shù)；在此基礎(chǔ)上基于現(xiàn)場工況建立三維數(shù)值分析模型，進行隧道動態(tài)施工全過程模擬，通過對隧道支護結(jié)構(gòu)、圍巖及邊坡應(yīng)力場、位移場分布及動態(tài)演化過程的分析研究，構(gòu)建了隧道圍巖-邊坡體系相互作用概念模型并對其穩(wěn)定性進行了評價，提出了隧道圍巖-邊坡體系的滑移-拉裂變形破壞模式，認為洞周圍巖位移的牽引效應(yīng)是影響坡體及支護結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性的關(guān)鍵因素，隧道開挖擾動、人為削坡等外界因素在這個過程中起到了誘發(fā)作用。同時，以該體系為基本理念，為北固山隧道進口段進洞方案及施工災(zāi)害防治措施的選取提供了技術(shù)支持。 (3)隧道圍巖-邊坡體系變形破壞機理及災(zāi)害控制技術(shù)的研究 在隧道圍巖-邊坡相互作用體系構(gòu)建的基礎(chǔ)上，針對北固山隧道先行洞進洞過程中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的施工災(zāi)害現(xiàn)象，形成了以工程地質(zhì)勘察分析為基礎(chǔ)，以隧道圍巖、支護結(jié)構(gòu)及邊坡之間相互作用機理分析為核心，進洞過程中隧道圍巖-邊坡體系應(yīng)力、變形實時監(jiān)測為支撐的復(fù)雜地質(zhì)條件下淺埋偏壓小凈距隧道進洞技術(shù)體系，系統(tǒng)闡述了該技術(shù)體系的原理、工藝。從體系整體協(xié)調(diào)與技術(shù)可行性角度出發(fā)，提出了以穩(wěn)定邊坡為先導(dǎo)、洞內(nèi)外綜合整治的災(zāi)害控制理念，保證了后行洞平穩(wěn)進洞及整體工程的安全性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national traffic infrastructure construction, tunnel engineering has been widely used. More and more shallow-buried large-span and small-net-distance tunnels appear in engineering practice, because of the factors such as tunnel type selection, line direction and topography and geology, etc, and more shallow-buried large-span and small-net-distance tunnels appear in engineering practice. Because of the coupling effect of multiple factors, the mechanical effect of tunnel structure and surrounding rock is more complicated, difficult to construct, and the construction risk is higher than that of conventional tunnel. How to accurately grasp the mechanical effect and deformation failure mechanism of tunnel construction is the key to ensure the safety of tunnel during construction and operation. In view of this, based on the traffic research project of Jiangsu Province-Research on key Technologies of Mountain Tunnel Construction under complex Urban Environment and Engineering Geology, this paper adopts the research method of combining theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and field test, The mechanical effect of shallow-buried large-span and small-clear-distance tunnel construction is studied. The mechanism and control technology of tunnel structure and slope deformation and failure during construction period are mainly discussed. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the mechanical characteristics and influencing factors of shallow-buried tunnel with small net distance are analyzed by simplifying the engineering prototype properly. The stress field distribution of surrounding rock after excavation of biased pressure tunnel is solved by the equivalent principle of decomposition and superposition, and the factors affecting the stress distribution of surrounding rock are discussed. In view of this, the numerical calculation model is established. Based on the force characteristics of surrounding rock and supporting structure of tunnel, and the factors affecting the stability of surrounding rock of biased pressure tunnel as technical index, the different topographic bias angles are discussed systematically and quantificationally. Mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock and supporting structure under different tunnel depth and net distance. (2) Evaluation of dynamic construction effect and stability of surrounding rock of shallow-buried tunnel with small net distance under bias pressure. Using finite element method and BP neural network to construct a back-analysis model, the displacement monitoring of typical cross-section in the construction process of Beigushan tunnel is inversed. Then the physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock are established. On this basis, a three-dimensional numerical analysis model based on site conditions is established to simulate the whole process of tunnel dynamic construction. Through the analysis and research of tunnel support structure, stress field of surrounding rock and slope, displacement field distribution and dynamic evolution process, the dynamic evolution process of tunnel support structure, surrounding rock and slope is analyzed and studied. A conceptual model of interaction between surrounding rock and slope system of tunnel is constructed and its stability is evaluated, and the failure mode of slip-pull-crack deformation of tunnel surrounding rock-slope system is put forward. It is considered that the traction effect of rock displacement around the tunnel is the key factor affecting the stability of slope and supporting structure. The disturbance of tunnel excavation and artificial cutting of slope play an important role in this process. At the same time, taking this system as the basic idea, it provides technical support for the selection of entrance scheme and construction disaster prevention measures in the entrance section of Beigushan tunnel. (3) study on deformation and failure mechanism of tunnel surrounding rock-slope system and disaster control technology based on the construction of tunnel surrounding rock-slope interaction system. Based on the engineering geological investigation and analysis, the mechanism analysis of interaction among surrounding rock, support structure and slope is formed in view of the construction disaster phenomenon that has already occurred in the process of the advance tunnel entry in Beigushan tunnel. Under the complicated geological conditions supported by the real-time monitoring of the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock-slope system in the tunnel, the technical system of tunnel entry with shallow bias and small net distance is systematically described. The principle and technology of this technology system are systematically expounded. From the point of view of overall coordination and technical feasibility of the system, the concept of disaster control, which is guided by stable slope and comprehensive treatment inside and outside the tunnel, is put forward, which ensures the safety of the smooth entry of the backward tunnel and the overall engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U455.4;U456.3

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