【摘要】：近些年來，伴隨高速鐵路的快速發(fā)展，復雜地質(zhì)條件下鐵路隧道的修建和維護日趨頻繁，這期間由于膨脹性軟巖導致的工程問題屢見不鮮。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，全球40多個國家和地區(qū)的隧道工程都遭受過不同程度的膨脹巖問題，并且造成了不小的經(jīng)濟損失。我國則主要出現(xiàn)在廣西、云南、河南、湖北、四川、陜西、河北、安徽、江蘇和吉林等地。因此，開展對特殊巖土環(huán)境下隧道開挖問題的研究，提出適用于膨脹性軟巖隧道施工的快速開挖支護方法是具有現(xiàn)實意義的。 本文針對吉圖琿高鐵東興隧道膨脹巖場地的開挖問題，分析了東興隧道工程地質(zhì)和水文地質(zhì)資料，得到了地層分布特征和主要物理力學參數(shù)。同時，，研究了東興隧道場地不同深度同一位置和不同位置同一深度膨脹性圍巖的自由膨脹率試驗結(jié)果，得到了該場地膨脹巖土的分布規(guī)律。此外，闡述了東興隧道的既有施工方法和棘手的工程問題，提出了一種適用于膨脹巖土場地的新型隧道施工方法——預留土柱法（SRD法）。在此基礎(chǔ)上，采用二維和三維有限元方法比較分析了交叉中隔墻法和預留土柱法，并對預留土柱法的主要施工參數(shù)進行了研究，其具體內(nèi)容如下： （1）建立交叉中隔墻法和預留土柱法的二維有限元模型，比較分析了不同開挖方法對地表沉降、拱頂沉降、水平收斂、塑性區(qū)分布和支護結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力等方面的影響。 （2）建立預留土柱法的二維有限元模型，改變開挖順序、土柱寬度和曲率等主要施工參數(shù)，研究了不同參數(shù)變化對地表沉降、拱頂沉降和水平收斂的影響。同時，建立三維有限元模型，針對6m、12m和15m三種臺階長度，研究了其對超前掌子面、滯后掌子面、隧道縱向地表沉降和拱頂沉降等方面的影響，給出了預留土柱法最優(yōu)施工參數(shù)的取值范圍。 基于以上分析，介紹了預留土柱法的施工性態(tài)，并驗證了采用預留土柱法進行隧道開挖的可行性和優(yōu)點，為膨脹性軟巖場地隧道開挖問題提供了一定的參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of high-speed railway, the construction and maintenance of railway tunnels are becoming more and more frequent under complex geological conditions. During this period, engineering problems caused by swelling soft rock are common. According to statistics, more than 40 countries and regions in the world have suffered different degrees of dilatation rock problems, and caused no small economic losses. China mainly appears in Guangxi, Yunnan, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu and Jilin. Therefore, it is of practical significance to carry out the research on tunnel excavation in special geotechnical environment and to put forward a rapid excavation support method suitable for the construction of expansive soft rock tunnel. In this paper, the engineering geological and hydrogeological data of Dongxing tunnel are analyzed, and the distribution characteristics of strata and main physical and mechanical parameters are obtained, aiming at the excavation of expansive rock site in Dongxing Tunnel of Jituhui High Speed Railway. At the same time, the experimental results of the free expansion rate of the expansive surrounding rock at the same depth and at the same depth are studied, and the distribution law of the expansive rock and soil is obtained. In addition, the existing construction methods and difficult engineering problems of Dongxing Tunnel are expounded, and a new method of tunnel construction suitable for expansive rock and soil sites, i.e., reserved soil column method (SRD method), is put forward. On this basis, two dimensional and three dimensional finite element methods are used to compare and analyze the cross middle partition method and the reserved soil column method, and the main construction parameters of the reserved soil column method are studied. The main contents are as follows: (1) two dimensional finite element models of cross middle partition method and reserved soil column method are established, and different excavation methods are compared and analyzed for ground subsidence, vault settlement and horizontal convergence. The influence of plastic zone distribution and internal force of supporting structure. (2) the two-dimensional finite element model of reserving soil column method is established. The main construction parameters such as excavation sequence, soil column width and curvature are changed, and the effects of different parameters on surface settlement, vault settlement and horizontal convergence are studied. At the same time, a three-dimensional finite element model is established to study the influence of the three steps length of 6m 12m and 15m on the forehand face, lag palmface, tunnel longitudinal surface subsidence and dome settlement, etc. The range of optimal construction parameters of soil column method is given. Based on the above analysis, the construction behavior of reserving soil column method is introduced, and the feasibility and advantages of tunnel excavation by reserving soil column method are verified, which provides a certain reference for tunnel excavation in expansive soft rock site.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U455.4

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