【摘要】：漢江是長江中游最大的支流,是連通長江航道的主要水運(yùn)干線。然而南水北調(diào)中線調(diào)水后,漢江丹江口水庫下游河段來流量開始減小、來流過程也發(fā)生較大變化,壩下河道將進(jìn)入新—輪的重新調(diào)整。因此,在新形勢下漢江航運(yùn)優(yōu)勢發(fā)揮也將面臨諸多問題與挑戰(zhàn)。本文在系統(tǒng)分析調(diào)水前后漢江中下游來水來沙特性的基礎(chǔ)上,對漢江丹江口壩下河道演變的復(fù)雜響應(yīng)機(jī)制進(jìn)行了研究,提出了汛后航槽尺度恢復(fù)需水量的概念并根據(jù)統(tǒng)計資料進(jìn)行了分析,建立了適用于漢江調(diào)水后復(fù)雜水沙條件下航道整治參數(shù)的計算模式。論文的主要研究成果和結(jié)論可歸納如下： (1)研究得出調(diào)水后漢江中下游河道徑流變化主要特征有：非汛期流量減小幅度較大,退水期中水流量持續(xù)時間明顯縮短；枯季流量與現(xiàn)狀基本持平,漢江中下游將出現(xiàn)長低水歷時；中小洪峰大幅削減甚至消失,年內(nèi)徑流變化表現(xiàn)出嚴(yán)重的不均衡性。 (2)調(diào)水對河道演變的影響無論從空間上還是從時間上都是從上游逐漸向下游發(fā)展的,河段上游部分的河床沖淤幅度明顯大于下游段,隨著時間的推移,沖淤變化逐漸向下游發(fā)展,呈現(xiàn)出了典型的時空演替現(xiàn)象,同時也表現(xiàn)出河床沖淤變形的累積效應(yīng)。此外河段沖淤變化還表現(xiàn)出典型的深槽與淺灘沖淤變化的空間分異特性。流量過程的改變不僅對典型淺灘河段的沖淤變化幅度有著重要影響,而且對河道沿程水位、水深等也有著深刻的影響,同時隨著上游來流水動力條件的減弱,漢江中下游局部河段的岸灘崩塌等橫向調(diào)整強(qiáng)度會有所緩解。 (3)以漢江下游興隆至仙桃河段為例,分別采用沖淤分析法和人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法(ANN)計算了汛后航槽恢復(fù)需水量,并與調(diào)水前后非汛期的退水時段來流量進(jìn)行了對比,得出自然演變難以達(dá)到設(shè)計航槽尺度要求的結(jié)論,并提出漢江下游河道必須進(jìn)行必要的航道整治工程進(jìn)行人工干預(yù),改變河道輸水輸沙的斷面形態(tài),促進(jìn)汛后中枯水河槽的形成才能實(shí)現(xiàn)并維持設(shè)計航槽尺度的即期目標(biāo)。 (4)在對調(diào)水后長江水位頂托影響范圍變化分析的基礎(chǔ)上,將漢江中下游河段分為不頂托河段、頂托變化段以及常年頂托段。針對不頂托河段和頂托時間為枯水期的頂托變化河段,分別提出了有效時段輸沙能力法和枯水期水位保證率法的整治水位計算方法,對于頂托時間為退水期的頂托變化河段,可采用比降法、水位相關(guān)法以及枯水水面線法等綜合計算。 (5)針對漢江下游的懸移質(zhì)造床河段,根據(jù)挾沙水流輸移的能量耗散以及輸沙平衡特性,提出了淺灘河段整治線寬度的計算方法,同時提出了基于斷面最大輸沙率的整治參數(shù)組合優(yōu)選判別方法。并給出了調(diào)水后航道整治建筑物結(jié)構(gòu)與布置的相關(guān)建議。
[Abstract]:The Hanjiang River is the largest tributary in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. However, after transferring water from the middle route of the South-to-North Water transfer Project, the incoming discharge of the lower reaches of the Danjiangkou Reservoir of the Hanjiang River began to decrease, and the flow process also changed greatly, and the channel under the dam will be re-adjusted by the new wheel. Therefore, in the new situation, the advantages of Hanjiang shipping will also face many problems and challenges. Based on the systematic analysis of the characteristics of water and sediment coming from the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River before and after the water transfer, the complex response mechanism of the evolution of the channel under the dam of the Danjiangkou dam of the Hanjiang River is studied in this paper. This paper puts forward the concept of recovery water demand of channel scale after flood and analyzes it according to the statistical data. The calculation model of channel regulation parameters suitable for complicated water and sediment conditions after water transfer in Hanjiang River is established. The main research results and conclusions can be summarized as follows: (1) the main characteristics of runoff variation in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River after water transfer are as follows: the non-flood season discharge decreases greatly, and the water discharge duration in the receding period is shortened obviously; In the dry season, the discharge is basically equal to the present situation, the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River will have a long and low water duration, and the medium and small Hong Feng will reduce or even disappear significantly, and the runoff changes in the year will show a serious imbalance. (2) the influence of water transfer on the evolution of river course is gradually developing from upstream to downstream in both space and time. The range of scour and deposition in upstream part of the reach is obviously larger than that in downstream section, and with the passage of time, the extent of erosion and deposition in the upper part of the reach is obviously greater than that in the downstream section. The change of scour and silt gradually develops to the downstream, showing the typical temporal and spatial succession phenomenon, and also showing the cumulative effect of the erosion and siltation deformation of the river bed. In addition, the scour and siltation change of the reach also shows the spatial differentiation of the typical deep-channel and shoal scour and siltation changes. The change of discharge process not only has an important influence on the range of scour and deposition in a typical shoal reach, but also has a profound influence on the water level and water depth along the river course. At the same time, with the weakening of the dynamic conditions of the upstream flow, The lateral adjustment intensity such as bank collapse in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River will be alleviated. (3) taking the Xinglong to Xiantao reach in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River as an example, the recovery water demand of the channel after flood is calculated by using the method of scour and siltation analysis and artificial neural network (ANN), and compared with the return water flow in the non-flood season before and after the water transfer. It is concluded that the natural evolution is difficult to meet the requirements of design channel scale, and it is proposed that the necessary channel regulation engineering must be carried out in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River to carry out artificial intervention to change the cross section shape of water and sediment transport in the river course. Only by promoting the formation of mid-low channel after flood, can we achieve and maintain the immediate goal of designing navigation channel. (4) based on the analysis of the influence range of water level top support after water transfer, the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River are divided into three sections: the non-top support section, the top support variation section and the perennial top support section. In view of the changing river reach with no top support and top support time in dry season, the calculation methods of regulation water level of effective period sediment transport capacity method and water level guarantee rate method in low water period are put forward, respectively. Comprehensive calculation can be carried out by ratio drop method, water level correlation method and low water surface line method. (5) according to the energy dissipation of sediment carrying flow and the characteristics of sediment transport balance, a method for calculating the width of regulation line of shoal reach is put forward according to the suspended bed making reach in the lower reaches of Hanjiang River. At the same time, the optimal selection method of regulation parameters based on maximum sediment transport rate of section is put forward. Some suggestions on the structure and arrangement of the waterway after water transfer are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV147;U617

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本文編號：2334449