【摘要】：橋梁是用來(lái)跨越天然障礙或人工障礙的構(gòu)造物，也是在強(qiáng)烈地面運(yùn)動(dòng)作用下相對(duì)容易破壞的元件。我國(guó)有大量的橋梁位于地震區(qū)域，地震會(huì)給橋梁造成巨大損傷，致使交通阻斷或危及交通安全。美國(guó)和日本對(duì)橋梁地震易損性分析研究得比較多，而我國(guó)對(duì)橋梁地震易損性分析的研究還可進(jìn)一步完善。橋梁易損性研究可以為交通系統(tǒng)可靠性分析、損失評(píng)估以及橋梁加固優(yōu)先級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)和地震應(yīng)急決策提供必要的依據(jù)，我國(guó)迫切需要完善橋梁抗震易損性的研究。本文基于歷史地震中橋梁的震害資料，進(jìn)行了典型的震害分析，用多種方式對(duì)橋梁震害結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，繪制了橋梁地震易損性曲線并驗(yàn)證了其合理性，進(jìn)行了易損性曲線的比較分析。 論文主要完成了以下工作： 1.對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外橋梁地震易損性分析的研究方法分類進(jìn)行了較為全面的總結(jié)，對(duì)本文采用的易損性分析方法的原理進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹，對(duì)已有的橋梁破壞等級(jí)劃分方法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了介紹。 2.對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)橋梁震害資料進(jìn)行了收集整理，對(duì)典型橋梁震例進(jìn)行了分析，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)橋梁震害資料分類進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，，得到震害矩陣等統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果。 3.按橋型和地區(qū)的差異對(duì)橋梁震害統(tǒng)計(jì)資料分類，以雙參數(shù)對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布函數(shù)作為易損性函數(shù)，分別用極大似然法或最小二乘法對(duì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行估計(jì)，得到經(jīng)驗(yàn)易損性曲線，并與直接統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比來(lái)分析和驗(yàn)證易損性曲線的合理性。 4.對(duì)已獲取的幾組易損性曲線進(jìn)行了比較，并探究其差別及其原因；另外通過(guò)易損性曲線的對(duì)比分析也指出了已獲取的幾組易損性曲線的各自的應(yīng)用范圍。
[Abstract]:Bridges are structures used to cross natural or artificial barriers, and are relatively easy to destroy under the action of strong ground motion. In China, a large number of bridges are located in the earthquake area, the earthquake will cause great damage to the bridge, causing traffic interruption or endangering traffic safety. In the United States and Japan, there are many studies on the seismic vulnerability of bridges, but the study on the seismic vulnerability of bridges in China can be further improved. The study of bridge vulnerability can provide the necessary basis for reliability analysis, loss assessment, priority evaluation of bridge reinforcement and earthquake emergency decision. It is urgent to improve the research on seismic vulnerability of bridges in China. Based on the seismic damage data of bridges in historical earthquakes, the typical seismic damage analysis is carried out, the seismic damage results of bridges are statistically analyzed in various ways, the seismic vulnerability curves of bridges are drawn and its rationality is verified. The vulnerability curves are compared and analyzed. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The classification of seismic vulnerability analysis methods for bridges at home and abroad is summarized, and the principle of vulnerability analysis method used in this paper is introduced in detail. The existing methods and standards of bridge damage classification are introduced. 2. The seismic damage data of bridges in China are collected and arranged, the typical bridge earthquake cases are analyzed, and the statistical results of seismic damage matrix are obtained by statistical analysis on the classification of the earthquake damage data of domestic bridges. 3. According to the difference of bridge type and region, the statistical data of bridge damage are classified. The logarithmic normal distribution function with two parameters is used as vulnerability function, and the parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood method or least square method, and the empirical vulnerability curves are obtained. The rationality of the vulnerability curve is analyzed and verified by comparing with the direct statistical results. 4. In this paper, several groups of vulnerability curves obtained are compared, and their differences and reasons are explored. In addition, through the comparative analysis of vulnerability curves, the respective application scope of several groups of vulnerability curves obtained is pointed out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U442.55

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