北京市北中軸地區(qū)步行環(huán)境系統(tǒng)設(shè)計研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-08 09:44
【摘要】：20世紀(jì)末，北京舊城開始了大規(guī)模的馬路拓寬、危房改建和拆遷項目，一個以步行交通為主的歷史古城變成了一個以汽車交通為主的城市，舊城區(qū)面臨著現(xiàn)代化的城市規(guī)劃和嚴(yán)重的汽車交通壓力 這樣的情況在西方國家也曾發(fā)生過，他們通過對城市步行化的發(fā)展，緩和了這樣的矛盾。因此通過調(diào)查研究背景舊城的步行環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀和國內(nèi)外的設(shè)計理念研究，不僅對舊城歷史文化區(qū)具有保護作用，而且對城市居民生活質(zhì)量的提高、歷史文化的延續(xù)、城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 綜合和疏理歐美國家城市步行環(huán)境的發(fā)展歷程，從歷史發(fā)展的角度，分別從國外和國內(nèi)兩條主線，對國內(nèi)外城市發(fā)展中對城市交通的發(fā)展、城市公共區(qū)環(huán)境、步行環(huán)境等方面進行的綜合論述。發(fā)現(xiàn)，與國外相比我國在步行規(guī)劃建設(shè)中有兩個特點：我國城市步行環(huán)境發(fā)展步伐與歐美國家不一致，還處于起步階段；步行環(huán)境的設(shè)計理論和實踐主要從西方國家吸取經(jīng)驗。 對北京舊城北中軸及周邊地區(qū)的步行環(huán)境進行實地調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)北京舊城內(nèi)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了步行街和許多交通管制的街巷，步行區(qū)發(fā)展已經(jīng)起步，但存在著很多問題，其中比較主要的問題有公共交通站點距離過長、數(shù)量較少；公交線路設(shè)計的不合理；公共設(shè)施缺乏；汽車占道嚴(yán)重；城市管理力度不夠等問題。舊城區(qū)存在的這些問題是阻礙舊城步行活動復(fù)蘇的重要因素。 基于國內(nèi)外已有的設(shè)計理論，這些理論包括人車分離思想、鄰里單位、交通安寧政策、城市有機更新等，通過對這些設(shè)計理論的研究分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，人與車的矛盾是時代的產(chǎn)物，排除一方支持另外一方并不能取得好的效果。要實現(xiàn)人車和平相處，達到城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，讓城市居民活動豐富的、有活力的城市生活，則需發(fā)展公共交通，將公共交通和步行交通、自行車交通有機結(jié)合，加強城市步行環(huán)境設(shè)施管理。 最后，在北京北中軸及周邊地區(qū)實地調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)分析和大量設(shè)計理論研究之后，，針對北京舊城現(xiàn)狀的問題，提出具體的切實可行的設(shè)計策略和方案，即合理劃分步行區(qū)域單元，改善公共交通系統(tǒng)，提高公共步行環(huán)境設(shè)施，并劃分不同時期不同階段的規(guī)劃目標(biāo)，根據(jù)實際情況進行修改，以真正實現(xiàn)舊城步行化的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 20th century, the old city of Beijing began a large-scale road widening, reconstruction and demolition projects of dangerous houses, and an ancient historic city with mainly pedestrian traffic turned into a city dominated by automobile traffic. The old urban areas are faced with modern urban planning and severe automobile traffic pressure, which have occurred in western countries. They have alleviated this contradiction through the development of city walking. Therefore, by investigating and studying the current situation of the walking environment of the old city and the design idea at home and abroad, it not only has a protective effect on the historical and cultural district of the old city, but also improves the quality of life of the urban residents and the continuation of the history and culture. The sustainable development of the city has very important practical significance. From the perspective of historical development, the development of urban walking environment in Europe and the United States, from the perspective of historical development, from the two main lines of foreign and domestic respectively, to the development of urban transport at home and abroad, the development of urban public area environment, Comprehensive discussion on walking environment and so on. It is found that compared with foreign countries, our country has two characteristics in the planning and construction of walking environment: the pace of development of urban walking environment in our country is inconsistent with that of Europe and the United States, and it is still in its infancy, and the design theory and practice of walking environment are mainly drawn from the experience of western countries. Through a field investigation of the walking environment in the north axis of Beijing and its surrounding areas, it is found that pedestrian streets and many traffic control streets have appeared in the old city of Beijing. The development of the pedestrian zone has already started, but there are many problems. One of the main problems is that the distance between public transport stations is too long and the number of public transport stations is small; Unreasonable design of public transportation lines; lack of public facilities; serious car occupation; insufficient urban management and so on. These problems in the old city are the important factors hindering the recovery of the old city walking activities. Based on the existing design theories at home and abroad, these theories include the idea of separation of people and cars, neighborhood units, traffic tranquillity policies, urban organic renewal and so on. Through the research and analysis of these design theories, it is found that the contradiction between people and cars is the product of the times. The exclusion of one side from supporting the other does not achieve good results. In order to achieve peaceful coexistence between people and cars, to achieve sustainable development of the city, and to enable urban residents to have a rich and dynamic urban life, we need to develop public transport, combine public transport with walking traffic, and combine bicycle traffic with it. Strengthen the management of urban walking environment facilities. Finally, after the field investigation data analysis and a large number of design theory research in the north central axis of Beijing and the surrounding areas, aiming at the current situation of the old city of Beijing, the paper puts forward the concrete and feasible design strategy and scheme, that is, the reasonable division of the walking area unit. In order to realize the sustainable development of the old city by improving the public transportation system, improving the public walking environment facilities, dividing the planning objectives of different periods and different stages, and modifying according to the actual situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.226;TU984.191
本文編號：2318106
[Abstract]:At the end of the 20th century, the old city of Beijing began a large-scale road widening, reconstruction and demolition projects of dangerous houses, and an ancient historic city with mainly pedestrian traffic turned into a city dominated by automobile traffic. The old urban areas are faced with modern urban planning and severe automobile traffic pressure, which have occurred in western countries. They have alleviated this contradiction through the development of city walking. Therefore, by investigating and studying the current situation of the walking environment of the old city and the design idea at home and abroad, it not only has a protective effect on the historical and cultural district of the old city, but also improves the quality of life of the urban residents and the continuation of the history and culture. The sustainable development of the city has very important practical significance. From the perspective of historical development, the development of urban walking environment in Europe and the United States, from the perspective of historical development, from the two main lines of foreign and domestic respectively, to the development of urban transport at home and abroad, the development of urban public area environment, Comprehensive discussion on walking environment and so on. It is found that compared with foreign countries, our country has two characteristics in the planning and construction of walking environment: the pace of development of urban walking environment in our country is inconsistent with that of Europe and the United States, and it is still in its infancy, and the design theory and practice of walking environment are mainly drawn from the experience of western countries. Through a field investigation of the walking environment in the north axis of Beijing and its surrounding areas, it is found that pedestrian streets and many traffic control streets have appeared in the old city of Beijing. The development of the pedestrian zone has already started, but there are many problems. One of the main problems is that the distance between public transport stations is too long and the number of public transport stations is small; Unreasonable design of public transportation lines; lack of public facilities; serious car occupation; insufficient urban management and so on. These problems in the old city are the important factors hindering the recovery of the old city walking activities. Based on the existing design theories at home and abroad, these theories include the idea of separation of people and cars, neighborhood units, traffic tranquillity policies, urban organic renewal and so on. Through the research and analysis of these design theories, it is found that the contradiction between people and cars is the product of the times. The exclusion of one side from supporting the other does not achieve good results. In order to achieve peaceful coexistence between people and cars, to achieve sustainable development of the city, and to enable urban residents to have a rich and dynamic urban life, we need to develop public transport, combine public transport with walking traffic, and combine bicycle traffic with it. Strengthen the management of urban walking environment facilities. Finally, after the field investigation data analysis and a large number of design theory research in the north central axis of Beijing and the surrounding areas, aiming at the current situation of the old city of Beijing, the paper puts forward the concrete and feasible design strategy and scheme, that is, the reasonable division of the walking area unit. In order to realize the sustainable development of the old city by improving the public transportation system, improving the public walking environment facilities, dividing the planning objectives of different periods and different stages, and modifying according to the actual situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.226;TU984.191
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