【摘要】：近二十年來(lái)我國(guó)修建了近百座的跨江、跨海大橋，許多都是舉世矚目的超級(jí)工程，但船撞橋而引發(fā)重大人員傷亡、財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的事件時(shí)常發(fā)生，說(shuō)明在通航水域橋梁的防撞設(shè)計(jì)和防撞措施上還存在不足。我國(guó)橋梁防撞研究起步晚，早期重視程度不夠，防撞設(shè)計(jì)理論及計(jì)算多依賴國(guó)外的研究成果，這和我國(guó)橋梁總體建設(shè)水平極不相稱。本文結(jié)合平潭海峽大橋工程，基于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)模擬試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值分析及理論分析的方法，研究跨海大橋深水樁基礎(chǔ)的防船撞能力，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行船撞橋風(fēng)險(xiǎn)概率的安全評(píng)估，提出跨海大橋深水樁基礎(chǔ)選用的防撞類型，，及其防撞設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)與施工關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。本文主要成果體現(xiàn)在： 1.結(jié)合平潭大橋開展船舶撞擊橋梁基礎(chǔ)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)模擬試驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證船撞橋梁數(shù)值仿真分析所采用的計(jì)算參數(shù)準(zhǔn)確性和數(shù)值仿真計(jì)算方法的合理性�，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)模擬碰撞試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：橋墩在環(huán)境激勵(lì)下的自振頻率與有限元模擬計(jì)算得到的自振頻率比較接近，振動(dòng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試的加速度或速度的數(shù)據(jù)曲線與數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算得到的數(shù)據(jù)曲線呈現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的非線性，但二者曲線總體趨勢(shì)一致。試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了防撞鋼套箱以及船用鋼材采用各向同性應(yīng)變率相關(guān)的塑性模型中相關(guān)本構(gòu)關(guān)系及相關(guān)的計(jì)算參數(shù)的合理性，為船橋碰撞有限元模擬提供了試驗(yàn)依據(jù)。 2.對(duì)船舶撞擊橋梁樁基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算，結(jié)果表明：船橋碰撞最不利計(jì)算工況是最低通航水位下正撞時(shí)的工況，此時(shí)樁基礎(chǔ)的樁基彎矩最大。與無(wú)防撞設(shè)施的樁基礎(chǔ)相比，有防撞設(shè)施的樁基礎(chǔ)受船撞后最大撞擊力、承臺(tái)水平位移及樁基最大彎矩、最大拉應(yīng)力明顯減小，且船舶撞擊深度亦明顯減小。 3.建立了船撞作用下的群樁基礎(chǔ)力學(xué)模型，提出承臺(tái)受扭轉(zhuǎn)作用時(shí)的單樁樁基內(nèi)力計(jì)算方法。 4.采用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式法、有限元法及動(dòng)力模擬法對(duì)船撞力進(jìn)行了計(jì)算，運(yùn)用AASHTO模型對(duì)船撞樁基礎(chǔ)的概率進(jìn)行了計(jì)算，并以此為基礎(chǔ)得出防撞力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。結(jié)果表明：動(dòng)力模擬計(jì)算的船撞力最大，其中主通航孔各墩為34.66MN，非通航孔為22.14MN；船撞樁基礎(chǔ)的概率主通航孔各墩為2.187×10-4，非通航孔為0.492×10-4；經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)假定的主通航孔墩設(shè)計(jì)防撞力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)34.5MN，非通航孔過(guò)渡墩21.5MN滿足規(guī)范要求。 5.提出跨海大橋深水基礎(chǔ)的承臺(tái)采用鋼套箱作為防撞設(shè)計(jì)，承臺(tái)處在合適的水面標(biāo)高能有效降低橋梁基樁受船撞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并結(jié)合工程實(shí)際建議防撞鋼套箱安裝應(yīng)和承臺(tái)同步施工。介紹了防撞鋼套箱和防撞墩的設(shè)計(jì)與施工關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。 論文的研究成果對(duì)大型跨海深水樁基礎(chǔ)橋梁的防撞理論體系的完善及設(shè)計(jì)與施工技術(shù)有借鑒價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In the past two decades, nearly 100 bridges across rivers and seas have been built in China. Many of them are superprojects that attract worldwide attention. However, the collision of ships with bridges has caused heavy casualties and property losses. It shows that there are still shortcomings in collision prevention design and anti-collision measures of bridges in navigable waters. The research on anti-collision of bridges in our country started late and paid less attention in the early stage. The theory and calculation of anti-collision design mostly depend on the research results of foreign countries, which is out of proportion with the overall level of bridge construction in China. Based on the field simulation test, numerical analysis and theoretical analysis, this paper studies the ship collision prevention ability of deep-water pile foundation of cross-sea bridge based on the Pingtan Strait Bridge project, and then carries out the safety assessment of risk probability of ship collision bridge. The anti-collision type of deep-water pile foundation of cross-sea bridge and the key technology of design and construction of anti-collision facilities are put forward. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: 1. Combined with Pingtan Bridge, the field simulation test of ship impact bridge foundation is carried out to verify the accuracy of the calculation parameters and the rationality of the numerical simulation method used in the numerical simulation analysis of the ship impact bridge. The field simulation results show that the natural vibration frequency of piers under ambient excitation is close to that obtained by finite element simulation. The data curves of acceleration or velocity measured in vibration field show strong nonlinearity with those obtained by numerical simulation, but the general trend of the two curves is the same. The experiment verifies the rationality of the correlation constitutive relation and the relevant calculation parameters in the plastic model with isotropic strain rate and provides the experimental basis for the finite element simulation of ship bridge collision. 2. The numerical simulation results show that the most unfavorable calculation condition of ship and bridge collision is the positive impact condition under the lowest navigable water level, and the pile foundation bending moment is the largest at this time. Compared with the pile foundation without collision protection, the maximum impact force, the horizontal displacement of the cap and the maximum bending moment of the pile foundation, the maximum tensile stress and the impact depth of the pile foundation are obviously reduced. 3. The mechanical model of pile group foundation under the action of ship collision is established, and the calculation method of internal force of single pile foundation is put forward when the pile cap is subjected to torsion. 4. The empirical formula method, finite element method and dynamic simulation method are used to calculate the ship collision force. The probability of ship collision pile foundation is calculated by using AASHTO model, and the criterion of collision resistance is obtained. The results show that the ship collision force calculated by dynamic simulation is the largest, in which the main navigation holes are 34.66MN for each pier and 22.14MN for the non-navigable holes, and the probabilistic main navigation holes for the pile foundation are 2.187 脳 10 ~ (-4) and 0.492 脳 10 ~ (-4) respectively. The test assumes that the design of the main navigable hole pier is 34.5 MN, and the 21.5MN of the non-navigable hole transition pier meets the requirements of the code. 5. It is put forward that the cap of deep water foundation of sea crossing bridge is designed with steel casing box as collision prevention design, and the cap can effectively reduce the risk of the bridge foundation pile being hit by ship when the cap is on the right surface. Combined with the engineering practice, it is suggested that the installation of the collision proof steel jacket box should be synchronized with the cap. This paper introduces the key technology of design and construction of anti-collision steel sleeve box and anti-collision pier. The research results of this paper can be used for reference in the improvement of the theoretical system of anti-collision and the design and construction technology of the large bridge with deep-water pile foundation across the sea.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U443.26

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