【摘要】：自從我國(guó)邁入21世紀(jì)以來(lái),國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)得到了顯著的提升,現(xiàn)代化交通工程的建設(shè)事業(yè)不斷發(fā)展,橋梁建設(shè)水平也提升了很高的檔次。正由于橋梁建設(shè)的難度不斷增加,新技術(shù)不斷應(yīng)用,跨度也不斷增大,隨之而來(lái)的一系列橋梁?jiǎn)栴}浮出臺(tái)面,其中對(duì)既有橋梁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估也越來(lái)越受到專家、公眾的關(guān)注。橋梁作為交通的咽喉,大量既有橋梁隨著自然環(huán)境的沖刷以及日益增長(zhǎng)的交通量、運(yùn)輸荷載的作用,其安全性受到不同程度的影響。對(duì)已建成的橋梁,特別是大跨度橋梁進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,是作為對(duì)如何對(duì)橋梁進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的維修加固的理論基礎(chǔ),對(duì)于保證橋梁在運(yùn)營(yíng)期間的安全性有著不可低估的作用。面對(duì)橋梁事故的日益頻發(fā)以及與之息息相關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)及安全問(wèn)題,需要結(jié)合我國(guó)實(shí)際狀況,對(duì)橋梁不同時(shí)段的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做出較為科學(xué)的評(píng)價(jià),才能制定合理的應(yīng)對(duì)策略,采取更為有效的措施,提高橋梁建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)期間的安全性。 層次分析法在模糊概念的評(píng)估中有著比較廣泛的應(yīng)用,本文著重研究層次分析法作為評(píng)估橋梁運(yùn)營(yíng)期間的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方法的可行性。首先分析層次分析法、模糊數(shù)學(xué)法、灰色理論法,通過(guò)比較各個(gè)理論的優(yōu)勢(shì),將這三個(gè)方法結(jié)合,形成一個(gè)可以用于分析模糊信息的方法。將該方法應(yīng)用于橋梁運(yùn)營(yíng)期間的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估中,所得到的評(píng)估結(jié)果有一定的正確性、科學(xué)性,能夠較為準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)定橋梁運(yùn)營(yíng)期間所處的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),再針對(duì)危險(xiǎn)系數(shù)較高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子,采取一些列措施,對(duì)橋梁進(jìn)行加固,以保證橋梁在運(yùn)營(yíng)中的安全性。本文以新疆果子溝大橋?yàn)楣こ虒?shí)例,運(yùn)用層次分析法,模糊數(shù)學(xué)以及灰色理論,建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估模型,對(duì)該橋所處的運(yùn)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)做出評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)比實(shí)際情況,驗(yàn)證該評(píng)估方法的有效性和實(shí)用性。 通過(guò)對(duì)新疆果子溝大橋進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估建模分析,最終能夠得出各個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子對(duì)橋梁運(yùn)營(yíng)期間安全性的影響程度,再針對(duì)危險(xiǎn)因素較大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子提出一系列加固方案,而該評(píng)估方法也為加固方案提供了一定的理論依據(jù),并且該評(píng)估方法也可以應(yīng)用于未來(lái)的類似風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,具有一定實(shí)用意義。
[Abstract]:Since China entered the 21st century, the national economy has been greatly improved, the construction of modern traffic engineering has been continuously developed, and the level of bridge construction has also been raised to a very high level. Because of the increasing difficulty of bridge construction, the application of new technology and the increasing span, a series of bridge problems have emerged, among which the risk assessment of existing bridges has been paid more and more attention by experts and the public. Bridge as the throat of traffic, a large number of existing bridges with the erosion of the natural environment and increasing traffic volume, the role of transport load, its safety is affected by varying degrees. The risk assessment of the bridges built, especially the long-span bridges, is the theoretical basis of how to maintain and strengthen the bridges economically and reasonably, and plays an important role in ensuring the safety of the bridges during operation. In the face of the increasingly frequent occurrence of bridge accidents and the economic and safety problems closely related to them, it is necessary to make a more scientific evaluation of the bridge risks in different periods of time in order to formulate a reasonable coping strategy in the light of the actual situation in our country. Take more effective measures to improve the safety of bridge construction and operation. The Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is widely used in the evaluation of fuzzy concepts. This paper focuses on the feasibility of AHP as a risk assessment method during bridge operation. Firstly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy mathematics method and grey theory method are analyzed. By comparing the advantages of each theory, the three methods are combined to form a method that can be used to analyze fuzzy information. Applying this method to the risk assessment of bridge operation period, the results obtained are correct and scientific, and can accurately evaluate the risk grade during the bridge operation. Aiming at the risk factors with high risk coefficient, some measures are taken to strengthen the bridges to ensure the safety of the bridges in operation. Taking the Shuigou Bridge in Xinjiang as an engineering example, using AHP, fuzzy mathematics and grey theory, a risk assessment model is established to evaluate the operational risk grade of the bridge and compare the actual situation. The effectiveness and practicability of the evaluation method are verified. By modeling and analyzing the risk assessment of Shuigou Bridge in Xinjiang, we can get the influence of each risk factor on the safety of the bridge during operation, and then put forward a series of reinforcement schemes for the risk factors with larger risk factors. The evaluation method also provides a theoretical basis for the reinforcement scheme, and it can also be applied to similar risk assessment in the future, which has a certain practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U447

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