大件貨物多式聯(lián)運路徑優(yōu)化研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 12:00
【摘要】：全球經(jīng)濟一體化進程的加快使得國內(nèi)外企業(yè)間技術(shù)交流范圍更加廣泛，越來越多的石油化工、冶金、電力建設等大型工程項目在海內(nèi)外頻繁立項，工業(yè)設備的大型化、重型化成為新的發(fā)展趨勢。然而，這些大型工程項目涉及一系列設備的采購和運輸供應，從而使得國際和國內(nèi)間設備、產(chǎn)品、技術(shù)交流日趨頻繁，為大件物流的發(fā)展提供了廣闊的市場空間。 一般情況下，國際大件貨物通常采用多式聯(lián)運的運輸方式，運輸路徑較長，運輸大件貨物價值昂貴，運輸過程受交通工具、路徑情況、中轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)點等多方面因素的影響，一旦運輸過程中出現(xiàn)疏漏，會對大件貨物造成極大的損壞，嚴重影響工程項目的順利進行。目前，，大件貨物的多式聯(lián)運方式存在運輸結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、運輸路徑和運輸方式固定、各運輸節(jié)點銜接不當?shù)纫幌盗袉栴}，如何選擇最優(yōu)的大件貨物運輸路徑以確保大件貨物運輸?shù)捻樌瓿桑谴蠹浳锒嗍铰?lián)運中多式聯(lián)運經(jīng)營人要考慮的首要問題。 論文首先通過對大量國內(nèi)外有關(guān)大件貨物運輸、多式聯(lián)運和運輸路徑優(yōu)化文獻的閱讀分析和總結(jié)，得出大件貨物多式聯(lián)運理論發(fā)展和運輸路徑優(yōu)化文獻綜述，針對大件貨物運輸研究缺陷，提出本文研究重點是多式聯(lián)運方式下大件貨物運輸路徑優(yōu)化的研究。其次論文針對多式聯(lián)運的組織過程進行分析，建立了多式聯(lián)運的一般模型。然后在此基礎上，根據(jù)大件貨物的特性，對大件貨物多式聯(lián)運中運輸方式、運輸路線選擇、中轉(zhuǎn)站進行分析，通過分析得知，大件貨物運輸路徑優(yōu)化問題實際上就是虛擬的運輸網(wǎng)絡圖各城市節(jié)點間運輸路徑和運輸方式的組合優(yōu)化問題。論文充分考慮了各個城市節(jié)點間運輸時間、運輸費用及中轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)點換裝的時間和費用，建立了同時進行運輸路徑選擇和運輸方式選擇的0-1混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型即大件貨物多式聯(lián)運模型�？紤]到模型的復雜性，本文采用遺傳算法，構(gòu)造虛擬網(wǎng)絡圖，并對運輸網(wǎng)絡中遇到到的存在非相鄰城市存在路徑和備選城市運輸方式不全的問題進行處理，采用自然數(shù)編碼方案和遺傳操作算子的爬山處理，通過自適應的方法進行交叉和變異操作，對大件貨物多式聯(lián)運模型進行求解。 文章最后結(jié)合鄭州到西雅圖的大件貨物運輸實例，通過最終實際數(shù)據(jù)的采集，應用上述模型及算法，得到運輸路徑和運輸方式的最優(yōu)解。通過對實際案例的計算和驗證，證明本文的建模方式能夠很好的處理各種運輸方式和運輸路徑的組合優(yōu)化問題，運用遺傳算法求解能夠得到不錯的結(jié)果，求解效率較高。最后得出由于鐵路運輸大件中轉(zhuǎn)費用比較昂貴、耗費時間較長等缺陷，大件陸路運輸應盡可能選擇靈活高效的公路運輸方式的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, the scope of technical exchanges between domestic and foreign enterprises has become more and more extensive. More and more large engineering projects such as petrochemical, metallurgy, electric power construction and so on have been frequently established at home and abroad, and industrial equipment has become large-scale. Heavy-duty has become a new trend of development. However, these large engineering projects involve the purchase and supply of a series of equipment, which makes the exchange of equipment, products and technology between international and domestic become more and more frequent, which provides a broad market space for the development of large logistics. In general, international large goods are usually transported by multimodal transport, which has a long transport route, and the value of transporting large goods is expensive. The transportation process is affected by many factors, such as transportation mode, route situation, transit node, etc. Once there are omissions in the course of transportation, it will cause great damage to the large goods, which will seriously affect the smooth progress of the project. At present, there are a series of problems such as unreasonable transport structure, fixed transportation routes and modes, improper connection between transport nodes and so on. How to choose the optimal transportation route of large goods to ensure the smooth completion of large cargo transport is the most important issue to be considered by multimodal transport operators in multimodal transport of large goods. Firstly, through reading, analyzing and summarizing a large number of domestic and international literatures on the transport of large goods, multimodal transport and route optimization, the paper concludes the theoretical development of multimodal transport of large goods and the literature review of route optimization. In view of the defects of the research on the transport of large goods, this paper puts forward the emphasis of the research on the route optimization of the transport of large goods under the multimodal transport mode. Secondly, the paper analyzes the organization process of multimodal transport and establishes a general model of multimodal transport. Then on this basis, according to the characteristics of large goods, the transport mode, route selection and transit station in multimodal transport of large goods are analyzed. In fact, the problem of route optimization of large cargo transportation is a combination optimization problem of transportation path and mode between nodes of virtual transportation network. In this paper, the transportation time, transportation cost and the time and cost of transferring nodes are fully considered. A 0-1 mixed integer programming model for both transportation route selection and transportation mode selection is established, that is, multimodal transport model for large cargo. Considering the complexity of the model, this paper uses genetic algorithm to construct the virtual network map, and deals with the problems of non-adjacent city existing path and alternative urban transportation mode which are encountered in the transportation network. In this paper, the natural number coding scheme and the genetic operator are adopted to solve the multimodal transport model of large cargo. The method of crossover and variation is adopted to solve the problem. In the end, combining the example of large cargo transportation from Zhengzhou to Seattle, the optimal solution of transportation path and mode is obtained through the collection of final actual data and the application of the above model and algorithm. Through the calculation and verification of actual cases, it is proved that the modeling method in this paper can deal with the combination optimization problem of various transportation modes and transportation routes well. The genetic algorithm can get good results and the efficiency is high. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that because of the defects such as high cost and long time consumption in railway transportation, the road transportation mode should be flexible and efficient as far as possible.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U116.2
本文編號：2270390
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, the scope of technical exchanges between domestic and foreign enterprises has become more and more extensive. More and more large engineering projects such as petrochemical, metallurgy, electric power construction and so on have been frequently established at home and abroad, and industrial equipment has become large-scale. Heavy-duty has become a new trend of development. However, these large engineering projects involve the purchase and supply of a series of equipment, which makes the exchange of equipment, products and technology between international and domestic become more and more frequent, which provides a broad market space for the development of large logistics. In general, international large goods are usually transported by multimodal transport, which has a long transport route, and the value of transporting large goods is expensive. The transportation process is affected by many factors, such as transportation mode, route situation, transit node, etc. Once there are omissions in the course of transportation, it will cause great damage to the large goods, which will seriously affect the smooth progress of the project. At present, there are a series of problems such as unreasonable transport structure, fixed transportation routes and modes, improper connection between transport nodes and so on. How to choose the optimal transportation route of large goods to ensure the smooth completion of large cargo transport is the most important issue to be considered by multimodal transport operators in multimodal transport of large goods. Firstly, through reading, analyzing and summarizing a large number of domestic and international literatures on the transport of large goods, multimodal transport and route optimization, the paper concludes the theoretical development of multimodal transport of large goods and the literature review of route optimization. In view of the defects of the research on the transport of large goods, this paper puts forward the emphasis of the research on the route optimization of the transport of large goods under the multimodal transport mode. Secondly, the paper analyzes the organization process of multimodal transport and establishes a general model of multimodal transport. Then on this basis, according to the characteristics of large goods, the transport mode, route selection and transit station in multimodal transport of large goods are analyzed. In fact, the problem of route optimization of large cargo transportation is a combination optimization problem of transportation path and mode between nodes of virtual transportation network. In this paper, the transportation time, transportation cost and the time and cost of transferring nodes are fully considered. A 0-1 mixed integer programming model for both transportation route selection and transportation mode selection is established, that is, multimodal transport model for large cargo. Considering the complexity of the model, this paper uses genetic algorithm to construct the virtual network map, and deals with the problems of non-adjacent city existing path and alternative urban transportation mode which are encountered in the transportation network. In this paper, the natural number coding scheme and the genetic operator are adopted to solve the multimodal transport model of large cargo. The method of crossover and variation is adopted to solve the problem. In the end, combining the example of large cargo transportation from Zhengzhou to Seattle, the optimal solution of transportation path and mode is obtained through the collection of final actual data and the application of the above model and algorithm. Through the calculation and verification of actual cases, it is proved that the modeling method in this paper can deal with the combination optimization problem of various transportation modes and transportation routes well. The genetic algorithm can get good results and the efficiency is high. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that because of the defects such as high cost and long time consumption in railway transportation, the road transportation mode should be flexible and efficient as far as possible.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U116.2
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