【摘要】：隨著三峽樞紐的建成運(yùn)行，重慶地區(qū)碼頭作業(yè)水文條件的改變以及船舶的大型化對(duì)斜坡式碼頭躉船系留設(shè)施提出了更高的要求。然而斜坡式碼頭躉船系泊纜繩載荷機(jī)理相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，除了與風(fēng)、浪、流等環(huán)境因素有關(guān)外，還與船舶噸位、船型、載重量、泊位水深、布纜方式、纜繩技術(shù)狀況、躉船與靠泊船舶的相互作用等一系列因素有關(guān)，現(xiàn)有系泊系統(tǒng)理論及纜繩載荷計(jì)算方法對(duì)于斜坡式碼頭躉船的適用性還有待探討。國(guó)外雖然已有成熟的系泊監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)定型產(chǎn)品，但現(xiàn)有斜坡式碼頭躉船專業(yè)化程度不足以直接運(yùn)用。 為避免斜坡式碼頭躉船出現(xiàn)斷纜事故，造成躉船自身傾覆或失控下漂等嚴(yán)重后果，本文深入分析躉船系泊系統(tǒng)的力學(xué)特性和系泊線特性，討論現(xiàn)有纜繩載荷計(jì)算方法及其對(duì)于斜坡式碼頭躉船的適用性，剖析船舶纜繩載荷的影響因素；分析振動(dòng)頻率法測(cè)纜繩載荷影響因素及修正，提出了實(shí)用的躉船系泊纜繩載荷量測(cè)技術(shù)，通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試驗(yàn)證了量測(cè)技術(shù)的可行性；選擇基于振動(dòng)頻率法設(shè)計(jì)斜坡式碼頭躉船系泊纜繩載荷監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，并對(duì)頻譜分析、預(yù)警值的確定、應(yīng)急響應(yīng)預(yù)案、監(jiān)控預(yù)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)備和流程等關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了闡述。 振動(dòng)頻率法不僅具有測(cè)試儀器日趨小型化，攜帶方便，容易安裝，可以重復(fù)使用的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且其測(cè)試精度高，，因此成為斜坡式碼頭躉船在役纜繩載荷測(cè)量最適合的方法。在考慮纜繩斜度、彎曲剛度、垂度、兩端約束條件，傳感器附加質(zhì)量，環(huán)境溫度變化影響的情況下，可以通過(guò)修正的公式消除影響，測(cè)量精度得到進(jìn)一步的提升。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果也證明了振動(dòng)頻率法確實(shí)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)斜坡碼頭纜繩載荷可靠測(cè)量，由此設(shè)計(jì)出的斜坡式碼頭躉船系泊纜繩載荷監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警系統(tǒng)也有很高的使用價(jià)值。 本系統(tǒng)基于振動(dòng)頻率法，不依賴快速脫纜鉤進(jìn)行纜繩載荷的測(cè)量，不需要針對(duì)碼頭系泊設(shè)備進(jìn)行專業(yè)性改造，測(cè)定結(jié)果精度較高，適用于目前國(guó)內(nèi)絕大多數(shù)斜坡碼頭。整套設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單輕便，攜帶安裝均很方便，設(shè)備可重復(fù)使用，除可常設(shè)碼頭以避免躉船纜繩斷纜事故外，還可周轉(zhuǎn)于轄區(qū)各碼頭以優(yōu)化系泊系統(tǒng)或進(jìn)行系泊系統(tǒng)理論研究。
[Abstract]:With the completion and operation of the three Gorges Project, the changes of hydrological conditions and the large scale of ships in Chongqing have put forward higher requirements for the mooring and retaining facilities of barges on sloping wharves. However, the mooring load mechanism of the barge of sloping wharf is quite complicated. In addition to the environmental factors such as wind, wave and current, it is also related to the ship's tonnage, ship type, deadweight, berth water depth, cable arrangement mode, and the technical condition of the cable. A series of factors are related to the interaction between barges and berthing ships. The applicability of mooring system theory and cable load calculation method to the barge of sloping wharf needs to be discussed. Although mature mooring monitoring system has been developed abroad, the existing sloping wharf barges are not able to be used directly. In order to avoid the cable breakage of barges in sloping wharves and the serious consequences such as overturning or losing control of barges, the mechanical and mooring characteristics of barges mooring system are deeply analyzed in this paper. This paper discusses the existing calculation methods of cable load and its applicability to the barge of sloping wharf, analyzes the influencing factors of the ship's cable load, analyzes the influencing factors and the correction of the cable load measured by the vibration frequency method. A practical mooring load measurement technique for barges is put forward, the feasibility of the measurement technology is verified by field test, the mooring load monitoring and warning system based on vibration frequency method is designed, and the frequency spectrum is analyzed. The key problems such as the determination of early warning value, emergency response plan, monitoring and warning system equipment and flow are expounded. Vibration frequency method not only has the advantages of miniaturization of test instruments, easy to carry, easy to install and can be used repeatedly, but also has high testing accuracy, so it has become the most suitable method for measuring the load of cables in service of barges of sloping wharves. Considering the influence of cable slope, bending stiffness, sag, constraint conditions at both ends, the additional mass of sensor and the change of ambient temperature, the influence can be eliminated by the modified formula, and the measurement precision can be further improved. The field measured results also prove that the vibration frequency method can realize the reliable measurement of the cable load of the slope wharf, and the mooring cable load monitoring and warning system of the sloping wharf lighter designed from this method also has a high practical value. Based on the vibration frequency method, the system does not rely on fast decoupling hooks to measure the cable load, and does not need professional modification for the dock mooring equipment. The accuracy of the measurement results is high, and it is suitable for most of the domestic sloping wharves at present. The whole set of equipment is simple and light, easy to carry and install, and the equipment can be reused. Besides the permanent wharf to avoid the cable breaking accident of the barge, it can also be rotated to the wharf in the jurisdiction to optimize the mooring system or to carry out the theoretical research of the mooring system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U653.2

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本文編號(hào)：2269430