【摘要】：鋼筋混凝土橋墩是橋梁的主要支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)遭遇爆炸襲擊時可能會引起橋梁的致命性破壞。認(rèn)識橋墩受到爆炸荷載作用的破壞機(jī)理非常重要，這是今后橋梁抗爆設(shè)計的依據(jù)，也是橋梁遭遇爆炸破壞后搶修加固的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。針對鋼筋混凝土圓柱墩受水下爆炸荷載作用，采用數(shù)值模擬的方式開展其損傷機(jī)理和破壞模式的研究，具有較強(qiáng)的實際意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)價值，有助于橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的抗爆性能評估方法的建立。本文針對鋼筋混凝土圓柱墩受水下爆炸荷載作用的作用效應(yīng)和破壞模式進(jìn)行等效數(shù)值模擬分析，并對抗爆措施進(jìn)行探索性研究。主要研究以下幾個方面內(nèi)容： 1．詳細(xì)介紹和闡述水下爆炸的基本物理現(xiàn)象，水下爆炸荷載的主要特性，以及水下爆炸沖擊波的形成和傳播過程，列出了炸藥的Lee狀態(tài)方程和水的JWL狀態(tài)方程，以及水下沖擊波超壓峰值表達(dá)式和經(jīng)驗公式。 2．采用AUTODYN顯式有限元軟件模擬了水下爆炸沖擊波傳播過程和氣泡脈動現(xiàn)象，分析了計算網(wǎng)格、狀態(tài)方程、計算區(qū)域、粘性系數(shù)和水深等對計算結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，并同經(jīng)驗公式進(jìn)行對比。 3．采用沖量等價原則對水下爆炸荷載進(jìn)行簡化分析，將沖擊波的指數(shù)衰減模型簡化為三角形脈沖模型，并根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)和數(shù)值分析的知識，簡化圓柱墩的力學(xué)模型，計算得出關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)位移的非線性動力方程式。 4．采用AOTUDYN顯示動力分析軟件充分考慮鋼筋混凝土和水之間的流固耦合作用，對鋼筋混凝土圓柱墩受水下爆炸荷載作用下的響應(yīng)特性進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析，并通過對比比例距離、梁體配筋率、配箍率等參數(shù)的變化，總結(jié)鋼筋混凝土圓柱的破壞模式與水下沖擊波的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。 5．比較添加隔爆鋼板后鋼筋混凝土圓柱墩損傷及破壞情況，并根據(jù)橡膠材料的隔爆性能，對受橡膠層包裹的鋼筋混凝土圓柱墩抵抗水下爆炸荷載作用防爆措施進(jìn)行了探索。 通過以上研究，總結(jié)出鋼筋混凝土圓柱墩受水下荷載的作用效應(yīng)和破壞模式，并提出橋墩表面增添“抗沖瓦”的方案作為橋梁下部結(jié)構(gòu)抵抗水下爆炸沖擊的參考措施。研究得出的成果可為預(yù)測橋墩結(jié)構(gòu)受水下爆炸荷載作用后的變形和破壞模式提供了參考，同時為橋墩結(jié)構(gòu)的抗爆設(shè)計及防護(hù)提供理論依據(jù)，，具有重要的工程意義。
[Abstract]:Reinforced concrete pier is the main supporting structure of bridge, which may cause fatal damage when it is attacked by explosion. It is very important to understand the failure mechanism of bridge pier subjected to explosive load, which is the basis of anti-explosion design of bridge in the future and the technical foundation of repairing and strengthening bridge after it is damaged by explosion. In view of the effect of underwater explosion on reinforced concrete cylindrical pier, it is of great practical significance and economic value to study its damage mechanism and failure mode by means of numerical simulation. It is helpful to establish the evaluation method of anti-explosion performance of bridge structure. In this paper, the equivalent numerical simulation analysis of the effect and failure mode of reinforced concrete cylindrical pier subjected to underwater explosion load is carried out, and the explosion-proof measures are studied. The main contents are as follows: 1. The basic physical phenomena of underwater explosion, the main characteristics of underwater explosion load, and the formation and propagation process of underwater explosion shock wave are introduced and expounded in detail. The Lee equation of state for explosives and the JWL equation of state for water are listed. AUTODYN explicit finite element software is used to simulate the process of underwater explosion shock wave propagation and bubble pulsation, and the computational grid, equation of state and calculation area are analyzed. The effects of viscosity coefficient and water depth on the calculation of structures are compared with empirical formulas. 3. The simplified analysis of underwater explosion loads is carried out by using the principle of impulse equivalence. The exponential attenuation model of shock wave is simplified as triangular pulse model, and the mechanical model of cylindrical pier is simplified according to the knowledge of structural mechanics and numerical analysis. The nonlinear dynamic equations of structural displacements are obtained. 4. The fluid-solid coupling between reinforced concrete and water is fully considered by AOTUDYN display dynamic analysis software. The response characteristics of reinforced concrete cylindrical pier under underwater explosion load are analyzed in detail. The internal relationship between the failure mode of reinforced concrete cylinder and underwater shock wave is summarized. 5. The damage and failure of reinforced concrete cylindrical pier after adding flameproof steel plate are compared, and according to the flameproof property of rubber material, The explosion-proof measures of reinforced concrete cylindrical pier covered with rubber layer to resist underwater explosion load are explored. Through the above research, the action effect and failure mode of reinforced concrete cylindrical pier subjected to underwater load are summarized, and the scheme of adding "anti-impact tile" on the surface of bridge pier is put forward as a reference measure for the substructure of the bridge to resist underwater explosion impact. The results of the study can provide a reference for predicting the deformation and failure mode of pier structure under underwater explosion load, and also provide theoretical basis for anti-explosion design and protection of pier structure, which is of great engineering significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U443.22

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