【摘要】：近年來,隨著城市人口與機動車保有量的不斷增加,城市交通擁堵已經(jīng)極大的影響了城市居民的生活質(zhì)量,同時給城市道路資源以及城市經(jīng)濟造成了極大浪費。城市道路交通擁堵根據(jù)發(fā)生原因可以分為常發(fā)性擁堵與偶發(fā)性擁堵,常發(fā)性擁堵具有規(guī)律性,可以根據(jù)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和經(jīng)驗進行預(yù)判并采取控制措施。而偶發(fā)性擁堵在發(fā)生的時間和空間上具有隨機性,同時具有極大的衍生性,其造成的影響往往相較常發(fā)性擁堵更大。目前,國內(nèi)外許多學者都致力于偶發(fā)性擁堵問題的研究,并取得一定成果。解決城市交通擁堵的關(guān)鍵是深入理解城市交通擁堵的形成機理與演變規(guī)律,從而制定科學的管理控制策略。城市偶發(fā)性擁堵因其突發(fā)性和偶然性使得人們對其發(fā)生的時間與地點很難未卜先知,給擁堵疏散工作帶來了極大不便,對城市道路網(wǎng)危害也非常嚴重。本文研究了城市道路偶發(fā)性擁堵的行為演變規(guī)律,分析了偶發(fā)性擁堵的誘發(fā)因素及影響源重要度,建立描述偶發(fā)性擁堵引起的交通流特征變化和傳播模型,針對偶發(fā)性交通擁堵誘發(fā)的道路瓶頸現(xiàn)象,在Nagel Schreckenberg(NS)模型的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合駕駛員在瓶頸現(xiàn)象發(fā)生前后的行為變化,提出一種優(yōu)化的元胞自動機模型,并以此改進的模型為基礎(chǔ)分析了在主干道偶發(fā)性擁堵產(chǎn)生瓶頸時上、下游路段交通流的傳播規(guī)律,并利用此模型分析了在偶發(fā)性擁堵發(fā)生時在不同車輛密度、換道概率、隨機慢化概率、擁堵車道數(shù)下對排隊數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生的影響。本文第一章敘述了城市道路偶發(fā)性擁堵傳播規(guī)律的研究背景和意義,重點分析討論了國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀、實際應(yīng)用中的一些研究成果和交通流仿真的方法討論。第二章首先介紹了城市交通擁堵形成的影響源和分類,利用激波理論對城市道路偶發(fā)性擁堵影響源重要度和傳播規(guī)律所產(chǎn)生的影響進行了簡單的分析研究。第三章介紹了道路交通狀態(tài)特性,主要敘述了城市交通道路的分類和道路交通參數(shù)選取的基本原則,不同道路交通流的特點比較,并且介紹了道路交通狀態(tài)的測量方法。第四章首先討論了經(jīng)典的元胞自動機交通流模型,然后以這些模型為基礎(chǔ)建立改進的元胞自動機模型對道路交通偶發(fā)性擁堵進行建模,針對駕駛員行為因素的影響對車輛換道規(guī)則、車輛跟車行為進行了優(yōu)化,并對城市主干道、次干道、快速路和不同的擁堵區(qū)域分別建立了模型。第五章對不同道路情況下的偶發(fā)性交通擁堵的交通參數(shù)和排隊長度進行仿真分析。并比較分析了在不同密度、車道數(shù)、換道概率等參數(shù)影響下對擁堵造成的不同影響,同時驗證了模型的可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of urban population and vehicle ownership, urban traffic congestion has greatly affected the quality of life of urban residents, but also caused a great waste of urban road resources and urban economy. Urban road traffic congestion can be divided into regular traffic congestion and accidental traffic congestion according to the causes. Regular traffic congestion is regular and can be forecasted according to survey data and experience and control measures can be taken. The occasional congestion is random in time and space, and has great derivative, and its influence is often greater than that of regular congestion. At present, many scholars at home and abroad are committed to the problem of accidental congestion, and achieved certain results. The key to solve urban traffic congestion is to deeply understand the formation mechanism and evolution law of urban traffic congestion, so as to formulate scientific management and control strategy. Because of the sudden and accidental occurrence of urban accidental congestion, it is difficult for people to predict the time and place of its occurrence, which brings great inconvenience to the congestion and evacuation work, and is also very serious to the urban road network. This paper studies the behavior evolution of accidental congestion on urban roads, analyzes the induced factors of accidental congestion and the importance of its sources, and establishes a model to describe the change of traffic flow characteristics and propagation caused by accidental congestion. Aiming at the road bottleneck induced by accidental traffic congestion, an optimized cellular automata model is proposed based on the Nagel Schreckenberg (NS) model combined with the behavior changes of drivers before and after the bottleneck phenomenon. Based on the improved model, this paper analyzes the propagation law of traffic flow in the downstream section of the main road when the bottleneck is caused by accidental congestion, and uses this model to analyze the probability of changing lanes at different vehicle density when the accidental congestion occurs. The effect of random slowing probability and the number of traffic lanes on the queue data. In the first chapter of this paper, the background and significance of the study on the law of accidental congestion propagation on urban roads are described, and the present research situation at home and abroad, some research results in practical application and the methods of traffic flow simulation are analyzed and discussed. In the second chapter, the influence sources and classification of urban traffic congestion are introduced, and the impact of accidental congestion on urban roads is analyzed and studied by using shock wave theory. The third chapter introduces the characteristics of road traffic state, mainly describes the classification of urban traffic roads and the basic principles of road traffic parameters selection, the characteristics of different road traffic flow, and introduces the measurement methods of road traffic state. In chapter 4, the classical cellular automata traffic flow models are discussed, and then an improved cellular automaton model is established to model the traffic congestion. According to the influence of driver's behavior factors, the vehicle changing rules and vehicle following behavior are optimized, and the models of urban main road, secondary trunk road, expressway and different congested area are established. In the fifth chapter, the traffic parameters and queue length of accidental traffic congestion under different road conditions are simulated and analyzed. The different effects on congestion caused by different density, lane number and change probability are compared and analyzed, and the feasibility of the model is verified.
【學位授予單位】：長沙理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2204226